Fracture toughness and failure mechanism of graphene based epoxy composites

Chandrasekaran, Swetha; Sato, Narumichi; Tölle, Folke Johannes; Mülhaupt, Rolf; Fiedler, Bodo; Schulte, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.03.014

Cited by 472 publications

(304 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…[40]. Chandrasekaran et al [41] reported similar features in GNP/epoxy nanocomposites. The surface roughness increases further with increasing rGO content, as seen in Fig.…”

Section: Tensile Properties Of the Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 50%

A facile way to produce epoxy nanocomposites having excellent thermal conductivity with low contents of reduced graphene oxide

et al. 2017

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A well-dispersed phase of exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was initially prepared in water. This was concentrated by centrifugation and was mixed with a liquid epoxy resin. The remaining water was removed by evaporation, leaving a GO dispersion in epoxy resin. A stoichiometric amount of an anhydride curing agent was added to this epoxy-resin mixture containing the GO nanosheets, which was then cured at 90°C for 1 h followed by 160°C for 2 h. A second thermal treatment step of 200°C for 30 min was then undertaken to reduce further the GO in situ in the epoxy nanocomposite. An examination of the morphology of such nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) revealed that a very good dispersion of rGO was achieved throughout the epoxy polymer. Various thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy nanocomposites were measured, and the most noteworthy finding was a remarkable increase in the thermal conductivity when relatively very low contents of rGO were present. For example, a value of 0.25 W/mK was measured at 30°C for the nanocomposite with merely 0.06 weight percentage (wt%) of rGO present, which represents an increase of *40% compared with that of the unmodified epoxy polymer. This value represents one of the largest increases in the thermal conductivity per wt% of added rGO yet reported. These observations have been attributed to the excellent dispersion of rGO achieved in these nanocomposites made via this facile production method. The present results show that it is now possible to tune the properties of an epoxy polymer with a simple and viable method of GO addition.

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“…[40]. Chandrasekaran et al [41] reported similar features in GNP/epoxy nanocomposites. The surface roughness increases further with increasing rGO content, as seen in Fig.…”

Section: Tensile Properties Of the Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 50%

A facile way to produce epoxy nanocomposites having excellent thermal conductivity with low contents of reduced graphene oxide

et al. 2017

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“…This model has now, therefore, been used to estimate G Ic for the randomly-orientated nanocomposites studied in the present work. For the present functionalised GO SENB 75% (0.1 wt%) [44] Graphite nanoplatelets SENB 50% (1.0 wt%) [45] Thermally reduced GO 40% (0.5 wt%) [46] GO SENB 111% (1 wt%) [47] 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate modified graphene CT 200% (4 wt%) [48] 4,4'-diaminophenylsulfone modified graphene CT 196% (1 wt%) [49] Poly(butadiene acrylonitrile) modified graphene oxide (GO) CT 140% (0.04 wt%) [50] Thermally expanded GO CT 115% (0.125 wt%) [51] The fracture surfaces were examined to identify the toughening mechanisms. Distinct "thumbnail lines" were observed on the fracture surface as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Toughness Of the Epoxy Polymer Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel route for tethering graphene with iron oxide and its magnetic field alignment in polymer nanocomposites

Zhang

Ladani

et al. 2016

Polymer

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We present a new route for tethering graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles to enable their alignment in an epoxy using a weak magnetic field. The GNPs are first stabilised in water using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles are then attached via coprecipitation. The resultant Fe 3 O 4 /PVP-GNPs nanohybrids are superparamagnetic and can be aligned in an epoxy resin, before gelation, by applying a weak magnetic field as low as 0.009 T.A theoretical model describing the alignment process is presented. The resulting nanocomposites exhibit anisotropic properties with significantly improved electrical conductivities (three orders of magnitude) in the alignment direction and dramatically increased fracture energy (about 530%) when the nanohybrids are aligned transverse to the crack growth direction, compared with the unmodified epoxy. Compared with the randomly-oriented nanocomposites, these aligned nanocomposites show approximately 50% increase in toughness transverse to the alignment direction and a seven-fold increase in electrical conductivity in the alignment direction.

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“…In contrast, the addition of graphene enhances the impact resistance of epoxy and here too, the degree of enhancement is proportional to the graphene loading. The observed effects of graphene on the bending and the impact resistance are attributed to the increase in stiffness and toughness of the epoxy composite with graphene loading, which was also reported [26][27][28][29], which enhances the resistance to sudden deformation and reduces the elasticity of the epoxy coating.…”

Section: Flexibility and Impact Resistancementioning

confidence: 89%

Enhanced protective properties and UV stability of epoxy/graphene nanocomposite coating on stainless steel

Alhumade

Elkamel

et al. 2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Epoxy-Graphene (E/G) nanocomposites with different loading of graphene were prepared via in situ prepolymerization and evaluated as protective coating for Stainless Steel 304 (SS304). The prepolymer composites were spin coated on SS304 substrates and thermally cured. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were utilized to examine the dispersion of graphene in the epoxy matrix. Epoxy and E/G nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) techniques and the thermal behavior of the prepared coatings is analyzed using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The corrosion protection properties of the prepared coatings were evaluated using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measurements. In addition to corrosion mitigation properties, the long-term adhesion performance of the coatings was evaluated by measuring the adhesion of the coatings to the SS304 substrate after 60 days of exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl medium. The effects of graphene loading on the impact resistance, flexibility, and UV stability of the coating are analyzed and discussed. SEM was utilized to evaluate post adhesion and UV stability results. The results indicate that very low graphene loading up to 0.5 wt % significantly enhances the corrosion protection, UV stability, and impact resistance of epoxy coatings.

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Fracture toughness and failure mechanism of graphene based epoxy composites

Cited by 472 publications

References 46 publications

A facile way to produce epoxy nanocomposites having excellent thermal conductivity with low contents of reduced graphene oxide

A facile way to produce epoxy nanocomposites having excellent thermal conductivity with low contents of reduced graphene oxide

A novel route for tethering graphene with iron oxide and its magnetic field alignment in polymer nanocomposites

Enhanced protective properties and UV stability of epoxy/graphene nanocomposite coating on stainless steel

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