Fracture toughness and deformation mechanism of un-vulcanized and dynamically vulcanized polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer/graphene nanocomposites

Haghnegahdar, M.; Naderi, Ghasem; Ghoreishy, Mir Hamid Reza

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.01.015

Cited by 41 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It may be attributed to the spherical shape of rPET-O, which acted as microstructural defects, promoting matrix cavitation processes ahead of the crack and crack propagation at low energy levels. Similar behaviour has been widely reported in the literature for polypropylene-based binary polymer composites [ 25 , 48 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Extruded-Calendered Sheets of Fully Recycled PP/Opaque PET Blends: Mechanical and Fracture Behaviour

et al. 2021

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This work presents the experimental results of the mechanical and fracture behaviour of three polymeric blends prepared from two recycled plastics, namely polypropylene and opaque poly (ethylene terephthalate), where the second one acted as a reinforcement phase. The raw materials were two commercial degrees of recycled post-consumer waste, i.e., rPP and rPET-O. Sheets were manufactured by a semi-industrial extrusion-calendering process. The mechanical and fracture behaviours of manufactured sheets were analyzed via tensile tests and the essential work of fracture approach. SEM micrographics of cryofractured sheets revelated the development of in situ rPP/rPET-O microfibrillar composites when 30 wt.% of rPET-O was added. It was observed that the yield stress was not affected with the addition of rPET-O. However, the microfibrillar structure increased the Young’s modulus by more than a third compared with rPP, fulfilling the longitudinal value predicted by the additive rule of mixtures. Regarding the EWF analysis, the resistance to crack initiation was highly influenced by the resistance to its propagation owing to morphology-related instabilities during tearing. To analyze the initiation stage, a partition energy method was successfully applied by splitting the total work of fracture into two specific energetic contributions, namely initiation and propagation. The results revelated that the specific essential initiation-related work of fracture was mainly affected by rPET-O phase. Remarkably, its value was significantly improved by a factor of three with the microfibrillar structure of rPET-O phase. The results allowed the exploration of the potential ability of manufacturing in situ MFCs without a “precursor” morphology, providing an economical way to promote the recycling rate of PET-O, as this material is being discarded from current recycling processes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Extruded-Calendered Sheets of Fully Recycled PP/Opaque PET Blends: Mechanical and Fracture Behaviour

et al. 2021

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“…Haghnegahdar et al. 49 reported that PP/EPDM samples with FLG platelets higher ductility fracture behavior comparing with samples with multi-layer graphene (MLG) because of better graphene dispersion. In Figure 14, the ductile behavior of nanocomposite samples is distinguished by a yellow circle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding better dispersion of graphene in lower concentration nano reinforcement samples, it can be concluded that these samples show ductile behavior because individual graphene sheets were dispersed homogeneously and this is in best agreement with previous reports. Haghnegahdar et al 49 reported that PP/EPDM samples with FLG platelets higher ductility fracture behavior comparing with samples with multi-layer graphene (MLG) because of better graphene dispersion. In Figure 14, the ductile behavior of nanocomposite samples is distinguished by a yellow circle.…”

Section: Young's Modulus Of Pvc/monolayer Carbon Graphene Nanocompositementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and multiscale quantum mechanics modeling of the mechanical properties of PVC/graphene nanocomposite

Mashhadzadeh

Fereidoon

Ahangari

2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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In current work, we developed mechanical properties of PVC (polyvinyl chloride)/graphene nanocomposite theoretically and experimentally. In our theoretical model, a multi-scale finite element model was used to predict Young’s modulus of the stated nanocomposite. The molecular structure of pristine graphene was treated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. By assuming graphene as a space-frame structure that preserves the discrete nature of graphene, they were modeled by the use of three-dimensional elastic beam elements for the Carbon-Carbon covalent bonds and point mass elements for the atoms. Then interfacial van der Waals interaction that exists between PVC and graphene was modeled using the general form of Lennard–Jones potential and simulated by a nonlinear truss rod model. The Lennard–Jones parameters and van der Waals forces were determined versus separation distance for the stated nonlinear truss rod via the DFT method. Finally, we prepared PVC/graphene samples with different weight percentages of graphene nanoplatelets experimentally using the melt-mixing procedure. Our computational modeling demonstrated that the magnitudes of Young’s modulus PVC/graphene were close to the experimentally obtained results until 1 wt% with an average difference of about 25%. Finally, we justified the obtained mechanical results by investigating the morphology of experimental samples using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images.

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“…Haghnegahdar et al [ 277 ] evaluated the fracture toughness of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/graphene nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing process via an internal mixer. The authors used multi-layer graphene (MLG) and few-layer graphene (FLG) with 0.5 wt.% as reinforcement.…”

Section: Fracture Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: Essential Work of Fracture

Urquiza

2021

Polymers

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This work details the general structure of the clays used as a reinforcement phase in polymer nanocomposites. Clays are formed by the molecular arrangement of atomic planes described through diagrams to improve their visualization. The molecular knowledge of clays can facilitate the selection of the polymer matrix and achieve a suitable process to obtain clay-based polymer nanocomposite systems. This work highlights the development of polymer nanocomposites using the melt intercalation method. The essential work of fracture (EWF) technique has been used to characterize the fracture behavior of materials that show ductility and where complete yielding of the ligament region occurs before the crack propagation. In this sense, the EWF technique characterizes the post-yielding fracture mechanics, determining two parameters: the specific essential work of fracture (we), related to the surface where the actual fracture process occurs, and the specific non-essential work of fracture (wp), related to the plastic work carried out in the outer zone of the fracture zone. The EWF technique has been used successfully in nano-reinforced polymers to study the influence of different variables on fracture behavior. In this work, the fundamentals of the EWF technique are described, and some examples of its application are compiled, presenting a summary of the most relevant contributions in recent years.

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Fracture toughness and deformation mechanism of un-vulcanized and dynamically vulcanized polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer/graphene nanocomposites

Cited by 41 publications

References 51 publications

Extruded-Calendered Sheets of Fully Recycled PP/Opaque PET Blends: Mechanical and Fracture Behaviour

Extruded-Calendered Sheets of Fully Recycled PP/Opaque PET Blends: Mechanical and Fracture Behaviour

Experimental and multiscale quantum mechanics modeling of the mechanical properties of PVC/graphene nanocomposite

Clay-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: Essential Work of Fracture

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