Fracture Resistance Analysis of 3D-Printed Polymers

Zolfagharian, Ali; Khosravani, Mohammad Reza; Kaynak, Akif

doi:10.3390/polym12020302

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Fused Filament Fabrication 3D printers offered in the market by many manufacturers have generally become very popular due to low prices and wide range of materials available. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-ABS, polylactic acid-PLA, and polyamide are among the most popular and most frequently used [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In general, this is caused by optimised parameters of the technological process and widely discussed methods of reducing the negative effects of thermal shrinkage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results of wall thickness measurements depending on applied 3D printing parameters set (green line-nominal dimensions, red lines -estimated values of wall thickness). ± 0.02 1.06 ± 0.02 1 13. ± 0.03 1.32 ± 0.03 0.94 ± 0.05 1.12 ± 0.06 1.27 ± 0.04 1.48 ± 0.09 0.94 ± 0.04 1.11 ± 0.03 1.28 ± 0.03 1.50 ± 0.05 Set No.2 0.80 ± 0.02 1.01 ± 0.02 1.13 ± 0.03 1.33 ± 0.03 0.75 ± 0.04 0.94 ± 0.04 1.21 ± 0.05 1.39 ± 0.06 0.73 ± 0.05 0.93 ± 0.06 1.11 ± 0.09 1.32 ± 0.09 Set No.3 0.72 ± 0.02 0.84 ± 0.02 1.28 ± 0.03 1.36 ± 0.03 0.66 ± 0.02 0.84 ± 0.03 1.13 ± 0.03 1.31 ± 0.04 0.67 ± 0.02 0.84 ± 0.03 1.11 ± 0.03 1.38 ± 0.04…”

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confidence: 97%

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Deformation Process of 3D Printed Structures Made from Flexible Material with Different Values of Relative Density

et al. 2020

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The main aim of this article is the analysis of the deformation process of regular cell structures under quasi-static load conditions. The methodology used in the presented investigations included a manufacturability study, strength tests of the base material as well as experimental and numerical compression tests of developed regular cellular structures. A regular honeycomb and four variants with gradually changing topologies of different relative density values have been successfully designed and produced in the TPU-Polyflex flexible thermoplastic polyurethane material using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technique. Based on the results of performed technological studies, the most productive and accurate 3D printing parameters for the thermoplastic polyurethane filament were defined. It has been found that the 3D printed Polyflex material is characterised by a very high flexibility (elongation up to 380%) and a non-linear stress-strain relationship. A detailed analysis of the compression process of the structure specimens revealed that buckling and bending were the main mechanisms responsible for the deformation of developed structures. The Finite Element (FE) method and Ls Dyna software were used to conduct computer simulations reflecting the mechanical response of the structural specimens subjected to a quasi-static compression load. The hyperelastic properties of the TPU material were described with the Simplified Rubber Material (SRM) constitutive model. The proposed FE models, as well as assumed initial boundary conditions, were successfully validated. The results obtained from computer simulations agreed well with the data from the experimental compression tests. A linear relationship was found between the relative density and the maximum strain energy value.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 97%

Deformation Process of 3D Printed Structures Made from Flexible Material with Different Values of Relative Density

et al. 2020

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“…The fracture behavior of polymeric materials has been extensively studied in last years, in either polycarbonate (PC) [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) [ 14 , 15 ], PMMA and many others [ 16 , 17 , 18 ] including new materials obtained by additive manufacturing techniques [ 19 ]. Those analysis have been carried out both in dynamic [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] and quasi-static [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] regimes, from an experimental, numerical and analytical point of view, the latter approach being the one in which fractal models are being recently used to investigate the fracture behavior of polymers [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Mode Crack Propagation in Polymers Using a Discrete Lattice Method

2021

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The fracture behavior of polymeric materials has been widely studied in recent years, both experimentally and numerically. Different numerical approaches have been considered in the study of crack propagation processes, from continuum-based numerical formulations to discrete models, many of the latter being limited in the selection of the Poisson’s coefficient of the considered material. In this work, we present a numerical and experimental analysis of the crack propagation process of polymethylmethacrylate beams with central and eccentric notches subjected to quasi-static three-point bending tests. The developed discrete numerical model consists of a regular triangular lattice model based on axial and normal interaction springs, accounting for nearest-neighbor interactions. The proposed model allows solving the above mentioned limitation in the selection of Poisson’s coefficient, incorporating a fracture criterion defined by a bilinear law with softening that includes the fracture energy in the formulation and allows considering a progressive damage. One of the main objectives of this work is to show the capacity of this lattice to simulate quasi-static fracture problems. The obtained results show that the proposed lattice model is capable of providing results close to the experimental ones in terms of crack pattern, peak load and initial stiffening.

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“…Fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA) are two kinds of commonly used 3D printing techniques. FDM can enhance fracture toughness of parts by extrusion deposition trajectories improvement, and SLA is able to make thin wall structure with high-quality surface roughness [3]. 3D printing supplies as the material basis of this revolutionary prototyping technology, consequently, have received extensive attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Reconstruction Algorithm on the Identification of 3D Printing Polymers Based on Hyperspectral CT Technology Combined with Artificial Neural Network

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2020

Materials

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Hyperspectral X-ray CT (HXCT) technology provides not only structural imaging but also the information of material components therein. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of various reconstruction algorithms on reconstructed X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of components shown in the CT image by means of HXCT. In this paper, taking 3D printing polymer as an example, seven kinds of commonly used polymers such as thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), carbon fiber reinforced polyamide (PA-CF), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), ultraviolet photosensitive resin (UV9400), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were selected as samples for hyperspectral CT reconstruction experiments. Seven kinds of 3D printing polymer and two interfering samples were divided into a training set and test sets. First, structural images of specimens were reconstructed by Filtered Back-Projection (FBP), Algebra Reconstruction Technique (ART) and Maximum-Likelihood Expectation-Maximization (ML-EM). Secondly, reconstructed XAS were extracted from the pixels of region of interest (ROI) compartmentalized in the images. Thirdly, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the first four principal components contain the main features of reconstructed XAS, so we adopted Artificial Neural Network (ANN) trained by the reconstructed XAS expressed by the first four principal components in the training set to identify that the XAS of corresponding polymers exist in both of test sets from the training set. The result of ANN displays that FBP has the best performance of classification, whose ten-fold cross-validation accuracy reached 99%. It suggests that hyperspectral CT reconstruction is a promising way of getting image features and material features at the same time, which can be used in medical imaging and nondestructive testing.

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Fracture Resistance Analysis of 3D-Printed Polymers

Cited by 55 publications

References 35 publications

Deformation Process of 3D Printed Structures Made from Flexible Material with Different Values of Relative Density

Deformation Process of 3D Printed Structures Made from Flexible Material with Different Values of Relative Density

Mixed Mode Crack Propagation in Polymers Using a Discrete Lattice Method

Effect of Reconstruction Algorithm on the Identification of 3D Printing Polymers Based on Hyperspectral CT Technology Combined with Artificial Neural Network

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