he implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is an established treatment for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with a history of lifethreatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias, 1 and recent studies have reported their efficacy in the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with structural heart disease and decreased left ventricular (LV) function. [2][3][4] Therefore, the number of cases of prophylactic use of ICDs has increased worldwide, and as both the number of patients with an ICD and the follow-up period after implantation have increased, several issues concerning ICD management, including lead fractures, have arisen. 5 ICD lead failures associated with long-term fatigue is a serious complication because it results in oversensing of noise and subsequent inappropriate shocks or failure of the ICD to deliver a shock. In particular, ICD leads with a coaxial polyurethane insulated design have frequently been the cause of lead failures and inappropriate shocks. 6,7 However, the long-term consequences of ICD lead malfunctions in the Japanese patient population have not been analyzed and that was the goal of the present study.
Methods
PatientsThe study population comprised 241 patients with 249