Fracture of the Sesamoid Bones

Müller, George P.

doi:10.1097/00000658-191201000-00011

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Among traumatologists, the accessory navicular syndrome is widely known (Broome & Houghton, ; Bernaerts et al, ; Offenbecker & Case, ; Cheong et al, ). This syndrome involves a congenital accessory bone or cartilage embedded in the tendon of the M. tibialis posterior (see also Müller, ). Three different types of accessory navicular elements have been described: type 1, a separate ossicle embedded within the tendon of the tibialis posterior; type 2, a triangular ossification centre adjacent to the navicular tuberosity and connected by a synchondrosis; and type 3, an enlarged medial horn of the navicular itself, also named the cornuate navicular (Offenbecker & Case, ).…”

Section: A Dynamic Model Of the Genesis Of New Skeletal Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the enormous amount of research published about them over more than a century tells another story. Sesamoids have been intensively studied in the context of clinical research, producing an extensive literature (Gruber, ; Pfitzner, ; Müller, ; Pires de Lima, ; Skillern, ; Bizarro, ; Gunn, ; Kewenter, ; Sindberg, ; Stener, ; Scapinelli, , , ; Ellis et al, ; Helal, ; Weiner & Macnab, ; Wood, ; Hansen & Peterson, ; Goldberg & Nathan, ; Le Minor, , , , ; McBryde Jr & Anderson, ; Gibeault et al, ; Bianchi et al, ; Lennox et al, ; Bareither, Muehleman & Feldman, ; Richardson, ; Duncan & Dahm, ; Mellado et al, ; Feller et al, ; Griffith et al, ; Bakerly & Saleh, ; Seki, Hoshino & Kuroda, ; Chen et al, ; Hauser et al, ; DeCamp & Schaefer, ; Tzatzairis et al, ; Vaz & Trippia, ; Yammine, ; Dalip, Iwanaga & Oskouian, ; Berthaume, Di Federico & Bull, , among many others). This represents an enormous and continued interest over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sesamoids in tetrapods: the origin of new skeletal morphologies

et al. 2019

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Along with supernumerary bones, sesamoids, defined as any organized intratendinous/intraligamentous structure, including those composed of fibrocartilage, adjacent to an articulation or joint, have been frequently considered as enigmatic structures associated with the joints of the skeletal system of vertebrates. This review allows us to propose a dynamic model to account for part of skeletal phenotypic diversity: during evolution, sesamoids can become displaced, attaching to and detaching from the long bone epiphyses and diaphysis. Epiphyses, apophyses and detached sesamoids are able to transform into each other, contributing to the phenotypic variability of the tetrapod skeleton. This dynamic model is a new paradigm to delineate the contribution of sesamoids to skeletal diversity. Herein, we first present a historical approach to the study of sesamoids, discussing the genetic versus epigenetic theories of their genesis and growth. Second, we construct a dynamic model. Third, we present a summary of literature on sesamoids of the main groups of tetrapods, including veterinary and human clinical contributions, which are the best-studied aspects of sesamoids in recent decades. Finally, we discuss the identity of certain structures that have been labelled as sesamoids despite insufficient formal testing of homology. We also propose a new definition to help the identification of sesamoids in general. This review is particularly timely, given the recent increasing interest and research activity into the developmental biology and mechanics of sesamoids. With this updated and integrative discussion, we hope to pave the way to improve the understanding of sesamoid biology and evolution.

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Section: A Dynamic Model Of the Genesis Of New Skeletal Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sesamoids in tetrapods: the origin of new skeletal morphologies

et al. 2019

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“…Fracture of the thumb MCP sesamoids was first reported in the German literature (Preiser, ; Morian, ; Maas, ; Müller, : all cited by Skillern, ). Although many case reports of sesamoid fractures have since been published (Wood, ; Gibeault et al, ; Lei et al, ; Altun et al, ; Shaw et al, ; Fogerty et al, ; Fotiadis et al, ; Deabate et al, ), this rare condition is believed to be underreported (Connolly et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The prevalence of the sesamoid bones of the hand: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Yammine

2014

Clinical Anatomy

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The literature contains various estimates of the prevalence and distribution of the sesamoid bones in the hands. The aims of this systematic review are to provide a better estimate of the frequency of hand sesamoids and its association with variables such as ancestry, gender, and side. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled rates of the sensitive meta-analyses from large-sample studies in adults showed: (a) true overall rates of 99.9% for the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb (MCP-I), 53% for the interphalangeal joint (IP-I), 43.4% for the MCP of the index (MCP-II), 1.47% for the MCP of the medius finger (MCP-III), 0.6% for the MCP of the ring finger (MCP-IV), and 67.7% for the MCP of the auricular finger (MCP-V); (b) true radiological rates of 99.9% for the radial thumb sesamoid, 99.6% for the ulnar thumb sesamoid, 47.8% for IP-I, 40% for MCP-II, 1.3% for MCP-III, 0.8% for MCP-VI, and 62.8% for MCP-V. Black, Middle Eastern, and European ancestries conferred significantly higher sesamoid frequencies at IP-I, MCP-II, and MCP-V, respectively. There was a significant association with female gender at MCP-II, MCP-IV, and MCP-V, with ORs of 1.53, 4, and 1.3, respectively, and a nonsignificant "female" trend for the other locations. There was no significant association with hand side. The pooled rates of hand sesamoids in children aged 10-17 years were 92.7, 42.2, 33.8, 0.5, 0.3, and 36.5% for MCP-I, IP-I, MCP-II, MCP-III, MCP-IV, and MCP-V, respectively. The findings of this evidence-based anatomical review provide quantitative evidence that the incidence of sesamoid bones in human hands depends on genetic rather than functional factors.

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“…Many authors still recommended excision as the primary surgical intervention for sesamoid pathology, including sesamoiditis that is not relieved by orthotic management of at least six months duration 27 . In 1911, Muller 28 described the earliest reports of surgical removal that yielded relief of symptoms for sesamoid pathology. A year later, Speed recommended that if sesamoid excision was to be performed, 'both should be removed, for if one is left without its companion support it would soon become the source of irritation on account of its localized pressure 29 .'…”

Section: Operativementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as sesamoiditis is due to repetitive stress, an important aspect of conservative management would be to correct the biomechanics of lift off by using orthotics. Offloading shoes and decreasing the height of the heels will decrease the weight bearing over metatarsal heads 28 . Numerous orthotics have been mentioned throughout the literature available and options may vary significantly from physician to physician.…”

Section: Conservativementioning

confidence: 99%

Sesamoiditis of the metatarsophalangeal joint

Atiya¹,

Quah²,

Pillai³

2013

OA Orthopaedics

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IntroductionSesamoiditis of the Metatarsophalangeal joint is a broad term categorizing a range of pathologies that can be painful and disabling. The aim of this review was to discuss sesamoiditis of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Conclusion As its definition and categorization is inconsistent throughout the literature available, more clinical data and audits are needed to increase the existing pool of literature in establishing a universal definition. However, a high index of suspicion of sesamoiditis and MRI scan remains the key for diagnosis after any pathology arises in the MTP joint, as it is an easily missed condition.

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Fracture of the Sesamoid Bones

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Sesamoids in tetrapods: the origin of new skeletal morphologies

Sesamoids in tetrapods: the origin of new skeletal morphologies

The prevalence of the sesamoid bones of the hand: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Sesamoiditis of the metatarsophalangeal joint

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