Fracture of human femoral bone

Moyle, D.D.; Bowden, R.W.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(84)90011-3

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Also, the dorsal region exhibited more osteonal pullout than the medial and lateral regions. Osteonal pullout on fracture surfaces implies shear failure at or near osteonal cement lines, and has been theoretically associated with smaller osteons (Moyle and Bowden, 1984). In the present study, the dorsal region exhibited longer fatigue lives and smaller and more numerous osteons than the other cortical regions, consistent with our previous results (Martin et al, 1996c).…”

Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The latter result is consistent with our own observation associating increased osteonal pullout during fatigue failure with smaller osteons (Hiller et al, 2003). Other work (Moyle and Bowden, 1984) supports the concept that energy dissipation during fracture depends on both the likelihood of pullout (which increases for larger osteons) and the number of osteons present (which increases for smaller osteons). Some studies have obtained mixed results.…”

Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Osteonal effects on elastic modulus and fatigue life in equine bone

Gibson

Stover

Gibeling

et al. 2006

Journal of Biomechanics

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We hypothesized that recently formed, incompletely mineralized, and thus, relatively deformable osteons in the equine third metacarpus enhance in vitro load-controlled fatigue life in two ways. Macroscopically, there is a compliance effect, because reduced tissue elastic modulus diminishes the stress required to reach a given strain. Microscopically, there is a cement line effect, in which new osteons and their cement lines more effectively serve as barriers to crack propagation. We studied 18 4 Â 10 Â 100 mm beams from the medial, lateral, and dorsal cortices of metacarpal bones from 6 thoroughbred racehorses. Following load-controlled fatigue testing to fracture in 4 point bending, a transverse, 100 mm thick, basic fuchsin-stained cross-section was taken from the load-bearing region. The number and diameter of all intact (and thus recently formed/compliant) secondary osteons in a 3.8 Â 3.8 mm region in the center of the section were determined. The associated area fraction and cement line length of intact osteons were calculated, and the relationships between these variables, elastic modulus (E), and the logarithm of fatigue life (log N F ) were analyzed. As expected, log N F was negatively correlated with E, which was in turn negatively correlated with intact osteon area fraction and density. (Log N F )/E increased in proportion to intact osteon density and nonlinearly with cement line density (mm/mm 2 ). These results support the hypothesis that remodeling extends load-controlled fatigue life both through the creation of osteonal barriers to microdamage propagation and modulus reduction. r

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Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 87%

Osteonal effects on elastic modulus and fatigue life in equine bone

Gibson

Stover

Gibeling

et al. 2006

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…[1,14] These structural features are also closely related to bone strength and toughness. [43][44][45] However, detailed mechanisms behind these correlations at the material level are obscure. Based on this study, bone resistance to fracture ultimately depends on how many cracks develop and how uniformly they are distributed.…”

Section: Role Of Cement Lines Pre-existing Cracks and Neighboring Omentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unique Microcracking Process Associated with the Inelastic Deformation of Haversian Bone

Ebacher

Wang

2008

Adv Funct Materials

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Since the discovery of the Haversian system in human bone over three hundred years ago, researchers have been wondering about its mechanical advantages. Despite positive experimental evidences on the intervention of Haversian systems in the fracture process, the contributions of Haversian systems to bone fracture have been obscure. Here a unique microcracking process accompanying the inelastic deformation of Haversian bone is reported that may shine light on its structural advantages over other bones. When compressed transversely, the concentric bone lamellae surrounding each Haversian canal allow multiple radial microcracks and arc‐shaped cracks to develop intralamellarly. Groups of circumferential arc‐shaped microcracks develop in high shear zones and radiate out in oblique directions from each Haversian canal. At the cortical bone level, where the Haversian systems are randomly distributed within the interstitial matrix, multiple nucleations and stable development of such arc‐shaped cracks happen to most Haversian systems progressively. As a result, Haversian bone is not sensitive to the presence of Haversian canals and demonstrates high inelastic strains at macroscopic level.

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“…Further, osteon pullout has long been recognized as an important phenomena associated with fracture and fatigue of cortical bone (Behiri et al, 1987;Bonfield, 1987;Bonfield and Behiri, 1989;Cooke et al, 1973;Corondan and Haworth, 1986;Hiller et al, 2003a, b;Moyle and Bowden, 1984;Moyle et al, 1978;Piekarski, 1970;Pope and Outwater, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Osteon interfacial strength and histomorphometry of equine cortical bone

Bigley

Griffin

Christensen

et al. 2006

Journal of Biomechanics

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The interfacial strength of secondary osteons from the diaphysis of the Thoroughbred equine third metacarpal was evaluated using the fiber pushout test. The pushout was performed on 300-500 microm sections of 4x4x15 mm bone blocks machined from four anatomic regions of the cortex. Pushout strength was evaluated from proximal to distal location within the diaphysis on four osteon types classified under polarized light on adjacent histologic sections from each block. The shear strength of the interfaces were estimated from shear lag theory. Differences were found in the interfacial strength of osteons based on appearance under polarized light with bright field having the highest interfacial strength (40.3 MPa). The lowest strength was found in the dark field osteons (22.8 MPa). The dorsal region had the highest shear strength and toughness compared to all other regions. The cement line and interlamellar interfaces are similar in strength, but exhibit regional dependence--specifically, the palmar region strength is less (17.5 MPa) than the osteon interlamellar interfaces (30.4 MPa) and osteon type dependent (alternating significantly weaker than other types). Histomorphometry revealed significant regional differences (p<0.0001) in osteon area fraction among the four osteon types as well as differences in the osteon diameter (p=0.01), with dorsal regions having larger osteons (170 microm) than the palmar region (151 microm). Fatigue life and fracture toughness of Haversian bone are reported in the literature to be regionally dependent and are known to be associated with osteon pullout--an osteon interfacial phenomenon. Therefore, the results presented in this study are important to further the understanding of the mechanisms of fragility and damage accumulation in cortical bone.

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Fracture of human femoral bone

Cited by 53 publications

References 7 publications

Osteonal effects on elastic modulus and fatigue life in equine bone

Osteonal effects on elastic modulus and fatigue life in equine bone

A Unique Microcracking Process Associated with the Inelastic Deformation of Haversian Bone

Osteon interfacial strength and histomorphometry of equine cortical bone

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