Fracture network created by 3‐<scp>D</scp> printer and its validation using <scp>CT</scp> images

Suzuki, Anna; Watanabe, Noriaki; Li, Kewen; Horne, Roland N.

doi:10.1002/2017wr021032

Cited by 41 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Discrepancies between intended geometries and printed geometries have been also found in other studies (e.g. Suzuki et al 2017;Head and Vanorio 2016;Wicker et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Comparison of Flow and Transport Experiments on 3D Printed Micromodels with Direct Numerical Simulations

et al. 2018

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Understanding pore-scale flow and transport processes is important for understanding flow and transport within rocks on a larger scale. Flow experiments on small-scale micromodels can be used to experimentally investigate pore-scale flow. Current manufacturing methods of micromodels are costly and time consuming. 3D printing is an alternative method for the production of micromodels. We have been able to visualise small-scale, single-phase flow and transport processes within a 3D printed micromodel using a custom-built visualisation cell. Results have been compared with the same experiments run on a micromodel with the same geometry made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, also known as Perspex). Numerical simulations of the experiments indicate that differences in experimental results between the 3D printed micromodel and the Perspex micromodel may be due to variability in print geometry and surface properties between the samples. 3D printing technology looks promising as a micromodel manufacturing method; however, further work is needed to improve the accuracy and quality of 3D printed models in terms of geometry and surface roughness.

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“…Discrepancies between intended geometries and printed geometries have been also found in other studies (e.g. Suzuki et al 2017;Head and Vanorio 2016;Wicker et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Several studies have used 3D printing to explore flow processes at the Darcy-scale. Suzuki et al (2017) investigated single-phase flow and transport in 3D printed, discrete fracture networks. They compared tracer breakthrough curves obtained from numerical simulations with experimental results on 3D printed fracture networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Flow and Transport Experiments on 3D Printed Micromodels with Direct Numerical Simulations

et al. 2018

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“…If the 3D printer created fractures with the effective apertures, the printed fracture apertures would be 0.25 of the original sizes. On the other hand, comparison with the CT scan images (Suzuki et al 2017) indicated that the 3D printer resolution was sufficient to reproduce the fracture network. In addition, the result of the OpenFOAM model showed that the CFD type of model can reproduce the tracer response.…”

Section: Results From Equivalent Permeability Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suzuki et al (2017) created a fracture network model with a 3D printer. The details of the fracture network model creation can be found in Suzuki et al (2017). Disc-shaped fractures were distributed randomly and evenly in the whole domain with the range of fracture length between 3.2 mm and 14.9 mm, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: D Printed Fracture Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of 3D Printed Fracture Networks to Development of Flow and Transport Models

et al. 2018

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Conventional experiments using natural rock samples have trouble in observing rock structures and controlling fracture properties. Taking advantage of 3D printing technologies, a complex fracture network was made by using a 3D printer. This approach allowed us to control the properties of the fracture networks and to prepare identical geometries for both simulation and experiment. A tracer response curve from the flow experiment was obtained and compared with numerical simulations. The result of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation based on the Navier-Stokes equations was in good agreement with experimental result, which suggested that the results of experiment and the CFD simulation are reliable. On the other hand, comparison with an equivalent permeability model based on the cubic law showed a discrepancy from the experimental result. This validation approach enabled

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“…Three-dimensional printing technology (otherwise known as additive manufacturing) can be used to replicate the internal defect structure of rock masses (Suzuki et al 2017;Kong et al 2018b;Squelch 2018;Zhu et al 2018a), something which is not possible using any previous technique for making artificial rock specimens. This technology makes possible the creation of multiple identical samples so that tests can be repeated and hence more reliable conclusions drawn.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Printing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Validity of the Use of Artificial Specimens for Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Rocks

2019

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The field of rock mechanics is concerned with the response of rocks to the forces acting on them, characterizing this behaviour in specific environments and under varying loading conditions. This review discusses the suitability of current mechanical testing methods for inhomogeneous rock bodies, with a specific focus on the use of artificial samples in place of real rocks in these tests. The use of artificial materials such as cement, resins, and sand-based mixtures is reviewed, as is the manufacture of three-dimensionally printed samples. The benefits and drawbacks of using such specimens in mechanical tests, and the validity of their simulation of real rock are discussed. There is evidence that 3D-printed samples have the advantage of overcoming the problems of specimen reproducibility and also make possible the ability to test the response of specific defects to loading. There is thus great potential for the use of 3D printing in this field. However, the review concludes that further post-processing and careful thought about the materials used must be carried out to ensure that printed samples are of adequate strength and brittleness to accurately simulate real rocks.

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Fracture network created by 3‐D printer and its validation using CT images

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

Comparison of Flow and Transport Experiments on 3D Printed Micromodels with Direct Numerical Simulations

Comparison of Flow and Transport Experiments on 3D Printed Micromodels with Direct Numerical Simulations

Contributions of 3D Printed Fracture Networks to Development of Flow and Transport Models

Review of the Validity of the Use of Artificial Specimens for Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Rocks

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