Fracture Management in Avian Species

External Skeletal Fixator to Stabilize the Orthopedic Conditions in Avian Species: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series

“…A gunshot is also a common cause of fractures and can cause nerve damage through lead toxicity, which may worsen the prognosis of the injured birds (Bennett, 1994). The main goals in fracture management are stabilization and length maintenance after achieving fragments alignment Carrasco, 2019). Both internal and external skeletal fixator provides a substantial reduction in the movement of the injured site, which ultimately enhances the recovery of both fractures and luxations .…”

“…Both internal and external skeletal fixator provides a substantial reduction in the movement of the injured site, which ultimately enhances the recovery of both fractures and luxations . Although most of the techniques and principles used in fracture management in birds are similar to mammals, anatomic and physiologic particularities lead to different preferences for surgical approaches between avian and non-avian species (Tully Jr., 2002;Carrasco, 2019). One of the main differences is the more favorable outcome of using an external skeletal fixator (ESF) in avian orthopedic cases (Carrasco, 2019).…”

“…Although most of the techniques and principles used in fracture management in birds are similar to mammals, anatomic and physiologic particularities lead to different preferences for surgical approaches between avian and non-avian species (Tully Jr., 2002;Carrasco, 2019). One of the main differences is the more favorable outcome of using an external skeletal fixator (ESF) in avian orthopedic cases (Carrasco, 2019). An external skeletal fixator (ESF) is commonly used in two-dimensional space where its holding pins pass through both cortices.…”

“…If the pins extend to the other side and attach to the second external bar, it is called ESF type 2. Otherwise, it is called ESF type 1 (Carrasco, 2019). Recently, a novel multidimensional ESF technique, namely key ring or circular fixator, has been developed to stabilize the avian long bone fractures (Katogiritis et al, 2019).…”

Configuração tie-in como estratégia para correção de fratura transversa de úmero em coruja-orelhuda (Asio clamator) − Relato de caso

“…Essas particularidades anatômicas e fisiológicas devem ser associadas às biomecânicas do esqueleto da espécie afetada e às patologias presentes, para a seleção do tratamento específico em cada caso (Carrasco, 2019). A partir disso, o objetivo principal do cirurgião deve ser promover a restauração e manter o alinhamento lateral e rotacional dos ossos tratados, corrigindo as linhas de fratura com a melhor exatidão possível, para o retorno do membro à anatomia funcional normal, com um pós-operatório definido pela espécie, tipo de fratura e estilo de vida (Forbes,2016;Redig & Ponder, 2016).…”