“…In recent years, a series of significant discoveries have been made in the onshore deep and ultra‐deep oil and gas fields, and several large deep and ultra‐deep oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in the Tarim, Sichuan and Songliao basins (He et al, 2020; Li, Ma, et al, 2019; Li, Zeng, et al, 2021). In terms of the development of the petroleum industry, China has mastered a large number of advanced oil and gas exploration and development technologies (He et al, 2020; Lan et al, 2021; Guo et al, 2021; Li et al, 2020; Wang & Wang, 2021; Xie et al, 2020; Yin et al, 2019). ‘Three‐dimensional integrated exploration’ is the development goal of deep and ultra‐deep oil and gas exploration (He et al, 2020; Li, Zeng, et al, 2021; Zou et al, 2023).…”