Fracture initiation and propagation of supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing in calcite-rich shale: A coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical simulation

Application and Research Progress of CO2 Stimulation Technology in Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs: A Review and Prospect

“…In the experiment, Wu et al found that initiation pressure decreased when the proportion of calcite in samples increased. This is the result of calcite dissolution.…”

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Utilization for Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale Reservoir, and Geo-Storage: A Review

“…In mineral trapping each of the minerals found in shale gas reserves reacts differently when in contact with Sc-CO 2 . , The mineral trapping mechanism, i.e., geochemical trapping of CO 2 as a mineral phase, is given by eq and , which shows conversion of CO 2 into carbonate mineral (calcite, dolomite, siderite) ,− CaCO 3 + H + ↔ Ca + 2 + HCO − 3 CaMg false( normalCO 3 false) 2 + H + ↔ Ca + 2 + Mg + 2 + HCO − 3 Figure a,b shows the schematic representation of the CO 2 storage in the fracture created by Sc-CO 2 in the shale reservoir and the CO 2 storage pathway over the time period after injection of Sc-CO 2 . The three main routes for storing CO 2 in a shale gas reservoir are dissolution, adsorption, and mineralization which can be impacted by a number of variables.…”

“…Especially in deep shale formations where temperature and pressure can vary dramatically, this can be challenging to accomplish. ,,,,,,,,,,, Process of fracture initiation and propagation: The process of fracturing with Sc-CO 2 is significantly different from conventional hydraulic fracturing. It requires the development of precise laboratory testing methods that can be combined with numerical simulation approaches and other innovative techniques to comprehensively understand initiation and propagation of fractures during Sc-CO 2 fracturing. ,,,,,,,, Proppant carrying capacity: The Proppant transport and distribution in fractures created using Sc-CO 2 are critical issues in shale reservoirs in order to maintain open fractures, as it induces multiple complex fractures. One of the most intricate problems with Sc-CO 2 is its low viscosity and high density, which result in a poor proppant carrying capacity of supercritical CO 2 . ,, More research is necessary to enhance the proppant carrying capacity of Sc-CO 2 ; typically, viscosity modifiers like tackifiers are used for this purpose .…”

“…Process of fracture initiation and propagation: The process of fracturing with Sc-CO 2 is significantly different from conventional hydraulic fracturing. It requires the development of precise laboratory testing methods that can be combined with numerical simulation approaches and other innovative techniques to comprehensively understand initiation and propagation of fractures during Sc-CO 2 fracturing. ,,,,,,,, …”

Heat Production Capacity Simulation and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis in the Process of Thermal Reservoir Development

“…Lei and Zhang et al [17,18] used TOUGH2 to establish vertical and horizontal well models for geothermal reservoirs in the Qiabuqia area of the Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province, for numerical simulation of heat production. Wu et al [19] proposed a CMPSF-enhanced THMC simulator by integrating the rock damage model and CO 2 physical property model into the coupled COMSOL-MATLAB-PHREEQC (CMP) framework via MATLAB, which was combined with numerical and experimental example validation to analyze the THMC field and fracture evolution. Mohammad [20] used the thermoporous elastic displacement discontinuity (DD) method combined with different forms of finite element methods in conjunction with the fracture intrinsic relationship to consider the deformation properties of the fracture and applied advanced numerical methods to simulate and analyze the effect of the coupling process injecting cold water into the fracture/matrix system on the temporal and spatial variations of the matrix-fracture stresses, temperatures, and pore pressures.…”