Fracture behaviour of softwood

Experimental and finite element study of the effect of temperature and moisture on the tangential tensile strength and fracture behavior in timber logs

“…No such contradictory results were obtained, however, for the GF, for the ratio of microcrack/fiber-bridging energy level, or for its TS. According to Smith and Vasic (2003), the microcrack energy level appears to be appreciably higher than the fiber-bridging energy level. Only a few results are available regarding temperature effects on the fracture properties.…”

“…The temperature-related strength reduction is based on the own results reported in this article. According to Smith and Vasic (2003), the fiber-bridging part of the GF is relatively small; therefore, the softening curve was designed as representing the evolution of a linear damage. In the simulations presented here, the following cohesive fracture relations were employed:…”

“…It is a mode I fracture model, which is verified by fracture tests of wood (Stanzl-Tschegg et al 1994, 1995Vasic and Smith 2002;Coureau et al 2006). The tangential fracture parameters used here are based on experimental studies presented in the literature (Valentin et al 1991;Reiterer and Sinn 2002;Gustafsson 2003;Smith and Vasic 2003;Vasic and StranzlTschegg 2007;Dourado 2008;Dourado et al 2008). The expectation is that a conclusive relation can be established between the moisture histories and the shrinkage properties of the samples.…”

Fracture properties of green wood formed within the forks of hazel (Corylus avellana L.)

“…For instance, wood is usually far more ductile across the grain (LR and LT fracture systems), but brittle along the grain (RL, RT, TL, and TR fracture systems). Results of the previous research has also showed that wood is generally tougher radially than tangentially (Atack et al 1961;Ashby et al 1985;Stanzl-Tschegg et al 1995;Reiterer et al 2002a, b;Smith and Vasic 2003;Marki et al 2005;Vasic and Stanzl-Tschegg 2007;Yoshihara and Nobusue 2007;Majano-Majano et al 2012;Ozden and Ennos 2014;Özden et al 2016). …”

Holographic Interferometry (HI), Infrared Vision and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy for the assessment of painted wooden statues: a new integrated approach

“…In addition, the wooden support of the statue is a single piece of cedar wood, and cracks propagation inside this natural composite material is well-known [69], [70]. In addition, the emboss effect "rise" the main part of the Virgin with her Child statue relative to its background.…”