Fracture behaviour and microstructural evolution of structural mild steel under the multi-hazard loading of high-strain-rate load followed by elevated temperature

Structure–Property Correlation and Constitutive Description of Structural Steels during Hot Working and Strain Rate Deformation

“…Steel is considered to be the most common material which is subjected to dynamic testing [10,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Steel with carbon as the main alloying element and containing only residual amounts of other elements is called plain carbon steel.…”

“…The framed constitutive equation was claimed to be useful for modelling the hot deformation behaviour of plain carbon steel. Based on Equation (10) and after finding all the constants, Reference [159] expressed the ZA equation as follows: σ = 11697.5ε 0.5 pl exp[(−0.003069 + 0.00012lnε. )T]…”

“…Engineering materials experience a wide range of strain rates and high temperatures during metalworking operations. To withstand extreme conditions such as creep deformation during rotation of turbine blades to man-made hazards like blast and impact, various techniques have been developed for enhancing the performance and reliability of mechanical structures [10][11][12]. During all these events, the effect of strain rate plays a significant role in determining and analysing the deformation behaviour of the materials.…”

Experimental and Numerical Research on Cylindrical Tubes under Outer Cylindrical Explosive Waves

“…The crystal lattice below the crack tape was obviously distorted, whereas the crystal lattice above the crack tape had minimally changed. The reason may be that the tensile stress manifested on the inner wall and initially acted on the inner part [18][19][20][21]. If the tensile stress exceeded the yield stress of the material, the inner part would be drawn and cracked.…”

Mechanical response of ultra-high strength (Grade 1200) steel under extreme cooling conditions

“…In order to minimise the weight of the structures and optimise the labour and transportation costs, ultra-high strength structural steels (UHSS) have recently been introduced as a promising construction material for energy efficient structural members [1][2][3][4]. In order to safely use these materials in civil engineering applications, their mechanical behaviour under different loading scenarios must be accurately known [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Considering fire as a common extreme loading scenario that can significantly damage the structure, understanding the behaviour of any construction material during this hazard is necessary.…”