Fracture analysis for ceramic ball in backflow valve

Abstract

Ceramic balls have been used as components of devices, such as those found in high‐pressure pumps for automobiles and industrial machines. In the backflow valve, for example, a ceramic ball is in contact with a conical surface. Fractures of ceramic balls are extremely rare. It is important to investigate the cause of these rare fractures to guarantee higher reliability in the backflow valve. In this paper, the fracture mechanism and strength are discussed for an equivalent normal stress σeq beneath the contact region and the maximum principal stress σp near the contact boundary using stress intensity from fracture mechanics. The fracture surface of the ceramic ball was formed perpendicular to load direction. We assumed that fracture origins (defect/crack) existed on lines through three high stresses that analysed by finite element method. Actual fracture of a ceramic ball was found to be caused by the equivalent normal stress beneath contact region and not to be caused by the Hertz principal stress. Stress intensity factor (SIF) was clarified to depend on pressure, taper angle, CrN‐coating thickness and the friction factor of the inside of the valve hole. A pre‐existing defect size involved in failure was estimated by the SIF using three‐dimensional elliptic defects and equivalent normal stress. Therefore, the actual fracture of a ceramic ball, which rarely occurs, could be evaluated by considering three‐dimensional elliptic defects and the Weibull distribution of defects.

Observation of Mode I Crack Growth Behavior in 4.762 mm Diameter-Silicon Nitride Ball under Compressive-Tensile Cyclic Loadings

“…Silicon nitride is a leading structural ceramic material. Silicon nitride balls have been used in engine valves and bearings because of their excellent mechanical properties [6]. Kida et al examined fracture of silicon nitride balls with introduced surface cracks under single and cyclic pressures.…”

Observation of Crack Growth Behavior of Various Cracks in 4.762mm Diameter Silicon Nitride Balls under Cyclic Compressive Load

“…Silicon nitride balls are used in high-pressure fuel supply pumps, because of high-hardness and thermal resistance. However, silicon nitride balls split into two parts under cyclic pressure load in the pumps [4,5]. K. Kida et al investigated the splitting failure caused by surface cracks on silicon nitride balls under cyclic pressure.…”

Observation of Crack Growth Behavior of 400μm Cracks in 4.762mm Silicon Nitride Balls under Cyclic Compressive Load

“…Silicon nitride balls are used in high-pressure fuel supply pumps, because of high-hardness and thermal resistance. However, they split into two parts under cyclic pressure load in the pumps [4].…”