Fractionnement en 180 entre la glace et la vapeur d’eau

Majoube, M.

doi:10.1051/jcp/1971680625

Cited by 141 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…This air should have a H 2 O mixing ratio of about 5−6 ppm, and an isotopic composition of δ 18 O=−25...0‰ seems likely for old stratospheric air. Assuming 50% dehydration at 190 K and a fractionation constant of ∼28‰ of the (liquid) condensate versus the vapor (Majoube, 1971), a simple Rayleigh distillation yields δ 18 O∼ − 43... − 19‰, which is within the range observed in the 2...4 ppm data. This scenario, though speculative, can explain both the observed mixing ratios and the δ 18 O data.…”

Section: Transport and Photochemistry In The Stratospheresupporting

confidence: 64%

High-precision isotope measurements of H216O, H217O, H218O, and the Δ 17O-anomaly of water vapor in the southern lowermost stratosphere

Franz

Röckmann

2005

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We report the first high-precision measurements of δ 18O and Δ 17O at high southern latitudes that can resolve changes in the isotopic composition of water vapor in the lowermost stratosphere and upper troposphere. A strong increase of δ 18O with decreasing mixing ratio above the tropopause is evident in the data. Since also the water vapor mixing ratio decreases above the tropopause, the effect seen in the isotope data can be explained by mixing of moist air from the tropopause with dry stratospheric air. However, the source of this dry stratospheric air is not known; both fast transport from the extratropical tropopause or mixing with air from the dehydrated polar vortex are likely. The magnitude of the Δ 17O-anomaly (departure from mass-dependent fractionation (MDF)) was below 2 per mil for each datapoint, and a zero anomaly in lower level stratospheric water vapor is possible. Various transport histories for the stratospheric data are discussed based on the mixing ratio and isotope data.

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Section: Transport and Photochemistry In The Stratospheresupporting

confidence: 64%

High-precision isotope measurements of H216O, H217O, H218O, and the Δ 17O-anomaly of water vapor in the southern lowermost stratosphere

Franz

Röckmann

2005

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…We perform sensitivity studies with various configurations of the supersaturation parameter of the MCIM to discuss the different influences on 17 O-excess on coastal and continental East Antarctic ice cores over the last deglaciation. Majoube (1971a) for temperatures between 0 and 100 • C. The equilibrium fractionation coefficient for solid-vapor ( 18 α eq−sol−vap ) was also determined experimentally for temperatures between 0 to −33.4 • C (Majoube, 1971b provide confidence in the application of these fractionation factors for polar regions.…”

Section: Stable Water Isotopes In the Hydrological Cyclementioning

confidence: 89%

Deglaciation records of 17O-excess in East Antarctica: reliable reconstruction of oceanic normalized relative humidity from coastal sites

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We measured δ 17 O and δ 18 O in two Antarctic ice cores at EPICA Dome C (EDC) and TALDICE (TD), respectively, and computed 17 O-excess with respect to VSMOW. The comparison of our 17 O-excess data with the previous record obtained at Vostok (Landais et al., 2008a) revealed differences up to 35 ppm in 17 O-excess mean level and evolution for the three sites. Our data show that the large increase depicted at Vostok (20 ppm) during the last deglaciation is a regional and not a general pattern in the temporal distribution of 17 O-excess in East Antarctica. The EDC data display an increase of 12 ppm, whereas the TD data show no significant variation from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the Early Holocene (EH). A Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic revealed very different source regions for Vostok and EDC compared to TD. These findings combined with the results of a sensitivity analysis, using a Rayleigh-type isotopic model, suggest that normalized relative humidity (RH n ) at the oceanic source region (OSR) is a determining factor for the spatial differences of 17 O-excess in East Antarctica. However, 17 O-excess in remote sites of continental Antarctica (e.g. Vostok) may be highly sensitive to local effects. Hence, we consider 17 O-excess in coastal East Antarctic ice cores (TD) to be more reliable as a proxy for RH n at the OSR. Stable water isotopes in the hydrological cycleThe stable isotopes 2 H/H and 18 O/ 16 O ratios of water molecules in ice cores have been used for several decades as proxies for past temperature over the polar regions and have permitted the reconstruction of past climate changes over the last 800 ka (ka = thousand years before present) in Antarctica (Jouzel et al., 2007). Their link with temperature results from isotopic fractionation of water at each phase transition in the water cycle and especially along the water mass trajectory from the region of evaporation to the final polar precipitation site. The combination of δ 2 H and δ 18 O leads to the second order parameter d-excess = δ 2 H-8 δ 18 O (Dansgaard, 1964). It has been shown that d-excess in ice/snow from polar regions is mainly a function of temperature at the oceanic moisture source region (OSR) (Ciais and Jouzel, 1994;Petit et al., 1991), but it also depends on normalized relative humidity (RH n ) at the OSR (Jouzel et al., 1982), the surface ocean isotopic composition, wind speed and finally the temperature at the precipitation site (e.g. Stenni et al., 2001 andVimeux et al., 2002). The dependence of d-excess on these different parameters is variable from one site to another (Masson-Delmotte et al., 2008;Vimeux et al., 1999), and it is thus difficult to infer quantitative information on climatic conditions at the evaporative regions from d-excess alone.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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“…[12] Equilibrium fractionation coefficients between vapor and liquid water or ice are calculated after Merlivat and Nief [1967] and Majoube [1971aMajoube [ , 1971b. We take into account kinetic effects during the evaporation from the sea surface following Merlivat and Jouzel [1979] and during snow formation following Jouzel and Merlivat [1984], with the supersaturation parameter l set to 0.004 to optimize the simulation of d excess over Antarctica (section 3.1.1).…”

Section: Isotopic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐stable isotopes in the LMDZ4 general circulation model: Model evaluation for present‐day and past climates and applications to climatic interpretations of tropical isotopic records

Risi¹,

Bony²,

Vimeux³

et al. 2010

J. Geophys. Res.

319

536

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[1] We present simulations of water-stable isotopes from the LMDZ general circulation model (the LMDZ-iso GCM) and evaluate them at different time scales (synoptic to interannual). LMDZ-iso reproduces reasonably well the spatial and seasonal variations of both d18 O and deuterium excess. When nudged with reanalyses, LMDZ-iso is able to capture the synoptic variability of isotopes in winter at a midlatitude station, and the interannual variability in mid and high latitudes is strongly improved. The degree of equilibration between the vapor and the precipitation is strongly sensitive to kinetic effects during rain reevaporation, calling for more synchronous vapor and precipitation measurements. We then evaluate the simulations of two past climates: Last Glacial Maximum (21 ka) and Mid-Holocene (6 ka). A particularity of LMDZ-iso compared to other isotopic GCMs is that it simulates a lower d excess during the LGM over most high-latitude regions, consistent with observations. Finally, we use LMDZ-iso to explore the relationship between precipitation and d 18 O in the tropics, and we discuss its paleoclimatic implications. We show that the imprint of uniform temperature changes on tropical d18 O is weak. Large regional changes in d 18 O can, however, be associated with dynamical changes of precipitation. Using LMDZ as a test bed for reconstructing past precipitation changes through local d18 O records, we show that past tropical precipitation changes can be well reconstructed qualitatively but not quantitatively. Over continents, nonlocal effects make the local reconstruction even less accurate.Citation: Risi, C., S. Bony, F. Vimeux, and J. Jouzel (2010), Water-stable isotopes in the LMDZ4 general circulation model: Model evaluation for present-day and past climates and applications to climatic interpretations of tropical isotopic records,

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Fractionnement en 180 entre la glace et la vapeur d’eau

Cited by 141 publications

References 0 publications

High-precision isotope measurements of H<sub>2</sub><sup>16</sup>O, H<sub>2</sub><sup>17</sup>O, H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O, and the Δ <sup>17</sup>O-anomaly of water vapor in the southern lowermost stratosphere

High-precision isotope measurements of H<sub>2</sub><sup>16</sup>O, H<sub>2</sub><sup>17</sup>O, H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O, and the Δ <sup>17</sup>O-anomaly of water vapor in the southern lowermost stratosphere

Deglaciation records of <sup>17</sup>O-excess in East Antarctica: reliable reconstruction of oceanic normalized relative humidity from coastal sites

Water‐stable isotopes in the LMDZ4 general circulation model: Model evaluation for present‐day and past climates and applications to climatic interpretations of tropical isotopic records

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Fractionnement en 180 entre la glace et la vapeur d’eau

Cited by 141 publications

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High-precision isotope measurements of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;16&lt;/sup&gt;O, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O, and the Δ &lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O-anomaly of water vapor in the southern lowermost stratosphere

High-precision isotope measurements of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;16&lt;/sup&gt;O, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O, and the Δ &lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O-anomaly of water vapor in the southern lowermost stratosphere

Deglaciation records of &lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O-excess in East Antarctica: reliable reconstruction of oceanic normalized relative humidity from coastal sites

Water‐stable isotopes in the LMDZ4 general circulation model: Model evaluation for present‐day and past climates and applications to climatic interpretations of tropical isotopic records

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High-precision isotope measurements of H<sub>2</sub><sup>16</sup>O, H<sub>2</sub><sup>17</sup>O, H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O, and the Δ <sup>17</sup>O-anomaly of water vapor in the southern lowermost stratosphere

High-precision isotope measurements of H<sub>2</sub><sup>16</sup>O, H<sub>2</sub><sup>17</sup>O, H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O, and the Δ <sup>17</sup>O-anomaly of water vapor in the southern lowermost stratosphere

Deglaciation records of <sup>17</sup>O-excess in East Antarctica: reliable reconstruction of oceanic normalized relative humidity from coastal sites