Fractionation of corn stover by hot-water and aqueous ammonia treatment

Kim, Tae Hyun; Lee, Y.Y.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.040

Cited by 167 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As shown in Table 2 and Table 3, both two-step treatments were found to be effective for lignin and xylan removal. It also confirmed previous finding that lignin generally hinders enzymatic reaction of cellulose [24][25][26].…”

Section: -3 Effects Of Dilute Sulfuric Acid Treatment In the Secondsupporting

confidence: 80%

Recovery of Xylo-oligomer and Lignin Liquors from Rice Straw by Two 2-step Processes Using Aqueous Ammonia Followed by Hot-water or Sulfuric Acid

Truong¹,

Shrestha²,

Kim³

2015

Korean Chemical Engineering Research

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− A two-step process was investigated for pretreatment and fractionation of rice straw. The two-step fractionation process involves first, soaking rice straw in aqueous ammonia (SAA) in a batch reactor to recover lignin-rich hydrolysate. This is followed by a second-step treatment in a fixed-bed flow-through column reactor to recover xylooligomer-rich hydrolysate. The remaining glucan-rich solid cake is then subjected to an enzymatic process. In the first variant, SAA treatment in the first step dissolves lignin at moderate temperature (60 and 80 o C), while in the second step, hot-water treatment is used for xylan removal at higher temperatures (150~210 o C). Under optimal conditions (190 o C reaction temperature, 30 min reaction time, 5.0 ml/min flow rate, and 2.3 MPa reaction pressure), the SAA-hot-water fractionation removed 79.2% of the lignin and 63.4% of the xylan. In the second variant, SAA was followed by treatment with dilute sulfuric acid. With this process, optimal treatment conditions for effective fractionation of xylo-oligomer were found to be 80 o C, 12 h reaction time, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:12 in the first step; and 5.0 ml H 2 SO 4 /min, 170 o C, and 2.3 MPa in the second step. After this two-step fractionation process, 85.4% lignin removal and 78.9% xylan removal (26.8% xylan recovery) were achieved. Use of the optimized second variant of the two-step fractionation process (SAA and H 2 SO 4 ) resulted in enhanced enzymatic digestibility of the treated solid (99% glucan digestibility) with 15 FPU (filter paper unit) of CTec2 (cellulase)/g-glucan of enzyme loading, which was higher than 92% in the twostep fractionation process (SAA and hot-water).

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Section: -3 Effects Of Dilute Sulfuric Acid Treatment In the Secondsupporting

confidence: 80%

Recovery of Xylo-oligomer and Lignin Liquors from Rice Straw by Two 2-step Processes Using Aqueous Ammonia Followed by Hot-water or Sulfuric Acid

Truong¹,

Shrestha²,

Kim³

2015

Korean Chemical Engineering Research

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“…The efficiency of lignocelluloses utilization can be significantly improved by fractionation [40]. Fractionation of lignocellulosic materials may be achieved by various physical, chemical and biological methods.…”

Section: Combined Technology For Lcf Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocelluloses Feedstock Biorefinery as Petrorefinery Substitutes

Cheng¹,

Wang²

2013

Biomass Now - Sustainable Growth and Use

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Lignocelluloses Feedstock Biorefinery as Petrorefinery Substitutes 349The LCF Biorefinery is a promising alternative due to the abundance and variety of available raw materials and the good position of the conversion products on the market [14]. Its profitability is also dependent on the technology employed to alter the structure of lignocellulosic biomass in order to produce high value co-products from its three main fractions i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [15].Currently the main feedstock for biorefineries is still based on starch. The practiced technologies in fuel ethanol industry are primarily based on the fermentation of sugars derived from starch and sugar crops, which are quite mature with little possibility of process improvements. However, using starch and sugar crops to produce ethanol also has been questioned since it draws its feedstock from a food stream. Lignocellulosic biomass is a more promising renewable resource as it is available in large quantities and does not compete with food or feed. Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable resource that stores energy from sunlight in its chemical bonds, with great potentials for the production of affordable fuel ethanol [16,17]. Its main obstacle for a major breakthrough is the high production costs for bioenergy products.On the other hand, lignocellulosic biomass-derived products can significantly reduce green house gas emissions, compared to fossil-based products. Also, many common petrochemicals could be obtained with lower green house gas emissions from bio-based feedstocks. The maturity and economics of the conversion processes and logistics is a major challenge for lignocellulosic biomass [18].

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“…Feedstocks would first be subject to particle size reduction, followed by a continuous solvent-based fractionation process to disrupt the protective matrix of lignin that surrounds the cellulose and hemicellulose fibers, and separate these three streams. NREL developed the clean fractionation process in the 1990s, and several companies and university research teams are working to develop alternative, lower cost solvents to make this process economical (Emmel, et al, 2003;Kim & Lee, 2006;Lee, et al, 2009;Li, et al, 2010;Moxley, et al, 2008;Pan, et al, 2006;Zhang, et al, 2007). We anticipate this could be commercialized by the late 2010s.…”

Section: Conversion and Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%