Fractionation and Oxidation of Chromium in Tannery Waste- and Sewage Sludge-Amended Soils

Milačić, Radmila; Štupar, Janez

doi:10.1021/es00002a029

Cited by 91 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The behavior of Cr in soils treated with tannery sludge is influenced by its valence state of Cr 3+ being stable in soil (Milacic and Stupar, 1995;McBride, 2002). Usually, neutral or alkaline soils exhibit Cr in the trivalent form (Cr 3+ ), which has low solubility and mobility (Alcântara and Camargo, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, neutral or alkaline soils exhibit Cr in the trivalent form (Cr 3+ ), which has low solubility and mobility (Alcântara and Camargo, 2001). In addition, Cr availability to plants is influenced by soil organic matter and its different fractions (Milacic and Stupar, 1995). According to Branzini and Zubillaga (2012), organic matter is effective in immobilization of Cr in soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromium in Soil Organic Matter and Cowpea After Four Consecutive Annual Applications of Composted Tannery Sludge

Oliveira

Araújo

Melo

2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Tannery sludge contains high concentrations of inorganic elements, such as chromium (Cr), which may lead to environmental pollution and affect human health The behavior of Cr in organic matter fractions and in the growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) was studied in a sandy soil after four consecutive annual applications of composted tannery sludge (CTS). Over a four-year period, CTS was applied on permanent plots (2 × 5 m) and incorporated in the soil (0-20 cm) at the rates of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 Mg ha -1 (dry weight basis). These treatments were replicated four times in a randomized block design. In the fourth year, cowpea was planted and grown for 50 days, at which time we analyzed the Cr concentrations in the soil, in the fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin fractions, and in the leaves, pods, and grains of cowpea. Composted tannery sludge led to an increase in Cr concentration in the soil. Among the humic substances, the highest Cr concentration was found in humin. The application rates of CTS significantly increased Cr concentration in leaves and grains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium in Soil Organic Matter and Cowpea After Four Consecutive Annual Applications of Composted Tannery Sludge

Oliveira

Araújo

Melo

2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…Destas, o Cr 3+ é considerada a forma predominante e mais estável, de menor toxidez, que apresenta alta capacidade de formação de complexos, tanto com ligantes orgânicos quanto inorgânicos (James & Bartlett, 1983). A oxidação do Cr 3+ a Cr 6+ não é uma reação comum no solo, ocorrendo, entretanto, em condições de boa umidade e com a presença de elevados teores de Mn facilmente redutíveis (Trebien, 1994;Milacic & Stupar, 1995;Aquino Neto & Camargo, 2000). O Cr 6+ é um oxidante forte, predominando em formas oxidadas de alta solubilidade e com características tóxicas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Rendimentos de culturas e alterações químicas do solo tratado com resíduos de curtume e crômio hexavalente

Castilhos

Tedesco

Vidor

2002

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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RESUMO O presente trabalho foi elaborado com o objetivo de avaliar o rendimento das culturas do trigo, alface e rabanete e as alterações químicas de um N, de 1,26 para 1,51 g kg -1 , e os teores de Ca, de 4,1 para 5,9 cmol c dm -3 , proporcionando rendimentos das três culturas equivalentes aos obtidos com a aplicação de calcário + NPK. Os teores de crômio no solo e nas partes vegetativas das culturas nos tratamentos com aplicação dos resíduos de curtume variaram, respectivamente, de 40,7 a 71,2 e de 0,08 a 2,71 mg kg -1 , sendo considerados normais. A adição de resíduo de rebaixadeira de couro ou das aparas de couro não reduziu os rendimentos das culturas e não alterou os teores de Cr do solo e das plantas. A adição de Cr 6+ provocou um efeito tóxico nas plantas, sendo responsável pela diminuição do rendimento da cultura do trigo em 91 % e da cultura da alface em 86 %, quando comparadas ao tratamento Calcário + NPK. Este efeito foi diminuído com a adição de agentes redutores como o esterco bovino.

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“…The majority of these wastes are disposed in landfills, and only about 3% are recycled (FEPAM, 2003). In specific environmental conditions, chromium (III) can be converted to chromium (VI) (Fathima et al, 2001;Milacic and Stupar, 1995), thus causing environmental impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminothermic reduction of Cr2O3 contained in the ash of thermally treated leather waste

Wenzel

Zimmer

Fernández

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-In this study the viability of utilising ashes with high chromium oxide content, obtained by thermal treatment of footwear leather waste, in the production of low-carbon ferrochromium alloy (Fe-Cr-LC) by aluminothermic reduction was investigated. The following key-factors were selected for process modelling: the quantity of aluminium (Al) employed in the reaction, the iron amount added, the iron compound (Fe and/or Fe 2 O 3 ) used, and the chromic acid addition. The process was investigated using a 2 4 full factorial design where the percentage of Cr 2 O 3 reduced was used as the response. Variance analysis was employed to determine the significant effects and to validate the obtained model. The model was useful for finding the optimal operating conditions, including the maximisation of chromium conversion and the gross margin. Both resulted in similar process conditions, with 76.8±12.3% of chromium being reduced to the metallic phase, and 1.65±0.52 USD (kg ash) -1 as the gross margin. The qualities of some alloys obtained were investigated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (SEM/EDS). The results showed that the main problem for these alloys in a standard specification was the P and S content, suggesting that a pre-treatment is required.

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Fractionation and Oxidation of Chromium in Tannery Waste- and Sewage Sludge-Amended Soils

Cited by 91 publications

References 16 publications

Chromium in Soil Organic Matter and Cowpea After Four Consecutive Annual Applications of Composted Tannery Sludge

Chromium in Soil Organic Matter and Cowpea After Four Consecutive Annual Applications of Composted Tannery Sludge

Rendimentos de culturas e alterações químicas do solo tratado com resíduos de curtume e crômio hexavalente

Aluminothermic reduction of Cr2O3 contained in the ash of thermally treated leather waste

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