Fractionally Charged Color-Singlet Fermions in a Grand Unified Theory

Abstract

Grand unified gauge theories that contain fractionally charged color-singlet fermions are considered. The minimal theory of this type is an SU(7) model which requires a rich structure of new physics in the energy region 100-1000 GeV.

Evaluation of the potassium channel activator levcromakalim (BRL38227) on the lipid profile, electrolytes and blood glucose levels of streptozotocin‐diabetic rats (评估钾通道激活剂左克罗卡林（BRL38227）对链脲霉素‐糖尿病大鼠血脂谱、电解质以及血糖水平的影响)

“…In the present study, a significant decrease in chloride levels was seen following chronic levcromakalim treatment. The hypochloremia observed in the present study here could simply mean that levcromakalim induces a loss of chloride, with the levels found still within the normal range of chloride concentrations in humans (98–108 mmol/L) . Levcromakalim also had a significant effect on urinary electrolytes in normal rats, with significant decreases in urinary sodium and significant increases in urinary chloride.…”

“…Physicians routinely use plasma electrolytes concentrations as an indicator of the presence of kidney disease. Increases in plasma and urinary chloride are seen in diarrhea, certain kidney diseases, and sometimes in patients with an overactive parathyroid gland …”

Family unification, exotic states and magnetic monopoles

“…Insisting on fermions that fall into bifundamentals, the representations to consider are (4,3, 1), (4,1,3), and (1,3,3 fermions. We will find there exist fractional charged color singlets [8], [9] in the model, and hence the minimal monopole change in the model will be the inverse of the minimal fraction times the Dirac charge.…”

Family unification, exotic states and light magnetic monopoles

“…The full analysis of the 334-model [10] requires the study of all the various patterns of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), and the charge assignments these lead to, plus the phenomenological implication of the "extra" fermions. Typically there exist fractional charged color singlets [11], [12] in these models, and hence the minimal monopole change will be the inverse of this minimal fraction times the Dirac charge.…”