“…2 shows the fractional Fourier transform. This approach is widely used in optical problems (Hricha et al, 2020;Saad et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2018;Dai et al, 2021), image processing (Faragallah et al, 2021;Kaur et al, 2021;Massihi and Rashidi, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021), robotics (Lopez et al, 2021), and medical signal processing (Gupta et al, 2021;Alqahtani et al, 2022;Mastromichalakis and Chountasis, 2021).…”