Fraction of protons in primary cosmic rays according to data from the PAMIR experiment in consideration of the response of X-ray emulsion chambers

2018

Phys. Atom. Nuclei

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The phenomenon of gamma-ray families featuring halos that is observed in an experiment with x-ray emulsion chambers (XREC) in the Pamir experiment and in other XREC experiments is explained. The experimental properties of halos are analyzed via a comparison with the results of their simulation. It is shown that gamma-ray families featuring halos are predominantly produced (more than 96 % of them) by protons and heliumnuclei. This makes it possible to employ the experimental properties of halos to estimate the fraction of protons and helium nuclei in the mass composition of primary cosmic radiation.

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Section: Simulation Of Halosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Gamma-Ray Families Accompanied by Halos and Detected in Experiments with X-Ray Emulsion Chambers

2018

Phys. Atom. Nuclei

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“…-the minimum energy of families at the observation level is 100 TeV; -the minimum number of particles in families is N min = 3; -PCR are presented by particles of 9 groups of nuclei: p, He, C, N, O, Mg, Si, V, Fe; -the observation level depth is 594 g/cm 2 for PAMIR XRECs [2,3] and 695 g/cm 2 for the EAS+XREC of the HADRON experiment (Tien-Shan) [4];…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

γ-families with halos observed by X-ray emulsion chamber in EAS and the estimate of the p+He fraction in primary cosmic rays at E0 = 1–100 PeV

Mukhamedshin

Bull. Lebedev Phys. Inst.

et al. 2017

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The experimental γ-families in which events called "halos" were detected using Xray emulsion chambers (XRECs) of the PAMIR experiment are described. The halo nature is explained within the standard model of nuclear interactions. Based on events with halo, the fraction of p+He in primary cosmic rays (PCR) was estimated. It is shown that the PCR mass composition remains mixed in the range E 0 = 1-100 PeV.

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Analysis of gamma-ray families with halos and estimation of mass composition of primary cosmic radiation at energies 1–100 PeV

Mukhamedshin

et al. 2018

Astroparticle Physics