Fractal Koch Multiband Textile Antenna Performance With Bending, Wet Conditions and on the Human Body

Abstract

Abstract-A multiband Fractal Koch dipole textile antenna is proposed for wearable applications. The antenna is designed to operate at 0.9 GHz, 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Denim materials as the substrate are selected aiming to obtain robustness, flexibility and a lightweight textile antenna. The antenna model is designed, simulated, optimized and analyzed using Microwave Studio CST software. Two types of multiband antenna prototypes are fabricated and evaluated with different conducting elements (Shield It fabric and copper foil tape). Antenna performance is observed in terms of return loss, bandwidth, radiation pattern and realized gain. Three different comprehensive analyses are taken into consideration: measurement antenna with different bending sizes, on-body measurement and under wet conditions. The antenna performances are evaluated based on resonant frequency (f o ) and bandwidth (BW). The antennas performance with bending on the human body (arm & forearm) is compared and investigated. A suitable placement on the body has been discovered between the chest and backside. The antennas have also been tested under wet conditions to ensure a stable characteristic under the influence of water.

Compact circularly polarized textile antenna

“…The conditions of lightweight and low cost attracted to more invention of wearable antenna by the researcher to integrate into a garment. There are several reports presents the application of textile antenna for WLAN, Global Positioning System (GPS), and energy harvesting system [5][6]. This paper discuss the performance of the compact CP textile antenna for WLAN and wireless monitoring communication system.…”

“…The complete dimensions for both antennas are shown in Table 1. The characterizations of permittivity and loss tangent for denim textile are determined by the open ended coaxial probe method as mention in [6].…”

Generation, Application and Analysis of a Novel Family of M-Segment Quadratic Fractal Curves to Antennas

“…In [15], a dielectric loaded fractal design is proposed for heptaband operation. Recently, fractals are also being utilized to create the textile antennas [16], where they are subjected to bending and wetting and their characteristics in presence of human body are analysed. While the traditional fractals like Koch, Sierpenski, Minkowksi and Hilbert were being investigated for their electromagnetic properties, some researchers randomized the geometry parameters of these fractal curves (like angles, lengths and line thickness) and then used the optimization algorithms like Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to obtain the acceptable performance in various frequency bands like GPS and WiMax [17][18][19].…”

T-Shaped Antenna Loading T-Shaped Slots for Multiple Band Operation

“…The planar monopole antenna is often adapted to realize multiple-band operation, with various structures such as letter-like shape [1][2][3][4][5][6]12], plant-like shape [7], and fractal structures [8][9][10][11][15][16][17]. An asymmetrical meandered T-shaped monopole with a long and a short arm has been used in [1], and a dual band has been realized.…”

“…Some researchers and scholars have done lots of work on multiple band antenna research, various types of printed antennas have been reported [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The planar monopole antenna is often adapted to realize multiple-band operation, with various structures such as letter-like shape [1][2][3][4][5][6]12], plant-like shape [7], and fractal structures [8][9][10][11][15][16][17].…”