Since the initial development of chaos theory and corollary concepts such as the strange attractor and fractal dimensionality, there has been a nontrivial effort to apply these concepts to the quantification of material and data structures. There exists within chaos theory modeling concepts that allow for thorough complexity analyses not available through alternate paradigms. The purpose of this paper is to review the main body of work that has been pursued in both experimental chemistry research and related data analysis development with respect to chaos theory and derivative ideas.