Fractal-dimension analysis detects cerebral changes in preterm infants with and without intrauterine growth restriction

Esteban, Francisco J.; Padilla, Nelly; Sanz-Cortés, Magdalena; Miras, Juan Ruiz de; Bargalló, Núria; Villoslada, Pablo; Gratacós, E.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.019

Cited by 98 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Several studies suggest the existence of a ‘brain remodeling' in IUGR neonates, including smaller hippocampal volumes, [13] disrupted gyrification pattern, [15] decreased cortical gray matter volume [11,14] and decreased fractal dimension [12]. Concerning SGA, in spite of abundant evidence suggesting abnormal neurodevelopment in this population [18,19,20,22,25,41] there has been scarce proof about the existence of brain reorganization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most instances of IUGR are secondary to placental insufficiency [4] which causes a prolonged disturbance in fetal oxygen and nutrient supply and subsequently a deleterious effect on brain development [5]. An increasing amount of evidence has shown a strong association of IUGR with long-term neurological morbidity [6,7,8,9,10] and brain macro- and microstructure differences [11,12,13,14,15]. Neurodevelopmental impairment is not exclusive of severe IUGR but it also occurs in late-onset forms, often referred to as small for gestational age (SGA) [16,17,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal Brain MRI Texture Analysis Identifies Different Microstructural Patterns in Adequate and Small for Gestational Age Fetuses at Term

et al. 2013

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Objectives: We tested the hypothesis whether a texture analysis (TA) algorithm applied to MRI brain images identified different patterns in small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses as compared with adequate for gestational age (AGA). Study Design: MRI was performed on 83 SGA and 70 AGA at 37 weeks' GA. Texture features were quantified in the frontal lobe, basal ganglia, mesencephalon, cerebellum and cingulum. A classification algorithm based on discriminative models was used to correlate texture features with clinical diagnosis. Results: Region of interest delineation in all areas was achieved in 61 SGA (12 vasodilated) and 52 AGA; this was the sample for TA feature extraction which allowed classifying SGA from AGA withaccuracies ranging from 90.9 to 98.9% in SGA versus AGA comparison and from 93.6 to 100% in vasodilated SGA versus AGA comparison. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that TA can detect brain differences in SGA fetuses. This supports the existence of brain microstructural changes in SGA fetuses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Brain MRI Texture Analysis Identifies Different Microstructural Patterns in Adequate and Small for Gestational Age Fetuses at Term

et al. 2013

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“…IUGR foetuses have protective mechanisms that direct their reduced blood flow towards vital organs such as the brain and heart [6] at the expense of other organs. Despite this, brain development is adversely affected as a result of IUGR; children who were growth restricted (GR) in utero have increased risks of learning difficulties [7], intellectual and cognitive deficits [7], motor deficits [6, 8], and cerebral palsy [9, 10]. Given the role of the cerebellum in motor co-ordination as well as higher order functions such as cognition, behaviour and memory, it is reasonable to suggest that altered cerebellar growth and development could contribute to these adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine Growth Restriction Affects Cerebellar Granule Cells in the Developing Guinea Pig Brain

et al. 2018

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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can lead to adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae in postnatal life. However, the effects of IUGR on the cerebellum are still to be fully elucidated. A major determinant of growth and development of the cerebellum is proliferation and subsequent migration of cerebellar granule cells. Our objective was to determine whether IUGR, induced by chronic placental insufficiency (CPI) in guinea pigs, results in abnormal cerebellar development due to deficits suggestive of impaired granule cell proliferation and/or migration. CPI was induced by unilateral ligation of the uterine artery at mid-gestation, producing growth-restricted (GR) foetuses at 52 and 60 days of gestation (dg), and neonates at 1 week postnatal age (term approx. 67 dg). Controls were from sham-operated animals. In GR foetuses compared with controls at 52 dg, the external granular layer (EGL) width and internal granular layer (IGL) area were similar. In GR foetuses compared with controls at 60 dg: (a) the EGL width was greater (p < 0.005); (b) the IGL area was smaller (p < 0.005); (c) the density of Ki67-negative (postmitotic) granule cells in the EGL was greater (p < 0.01); (d) the somal area of Purkinje cells was reduced (p < 0.005), and (e) the linear density of Bergmann glia was similar. The EGL width in GR foetuses at 60 dg was comparable to that of 52 dg control and GR foetuses. The pattern of p27-immunoreactivity in the EGL was the inverse of Ki67-immunoreactivity at both foetal ages; there was no difference between control and GR foetuses at either age in the width of p27-immunoreactivity, or in the percentage of the EGL width that it occupied. In the molecular layer of GR neonates compared with controls there was an increase in the areal density of granule cells (p < 0.05) and in the percentage of migrating to total number of granule cells (p < 0.01) at 1 week but not at 60 dg (p > 0.05). Thus, we found no specific evidence that IUGR affects granule cell proliferation, but it alters the normal program of migration to the IGL and, in addition, the development of Purkinje cells. Such alterations will likely affect the development of appropriate circuitry and have implications for cerebellar function.

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“…Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can have immediate and life-long consequences to the intellectual [1], cognitive [1] and motor function [2,3] of an individual. IUGR can occur for a number of reasons but is most commonly due to placental insufficiency which causes dysfunction to the foetal-placental unit, leading to chronic foetal hypoxaemia, slowing of foetal growth and compromise to several organ systems, including the developing brain [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Effects on Neural Precursor Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis in the Foetal Subventricular Zone

et al. 2015

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Exposure to adverse prenatal factors can result in abnormal brain development, contributing to the aetiology of several neurological disorders. Intrauterine insults could occur during neurogenesis and gliogenesis, disrupting these events. Here we investigate the effects of chronic placental insufficiency (CPI) on cell proliferation and the microenvironment in the subventricular zone (SVZ). At 30 days of gestation (DG; term ∼67 DG), CPI was induced in pregnant guinea pigs via unilateral uterine artery ligation to produce growth-restricted (GR) foetuses (n = 7); controls (n = 6) were from the unoperated horn. At 60 DG, foetal brains were stained immunohistochemically to identify proliferating cells (Ki67), immature neurons (polysialylated neuronal cell adhesion molecule), astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein), microglia (ionised calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1, Iba-1) and the microvasculature (von Willebrand factor) in the SVZ. There was no overall difference (p > 0.05) in the total number of Ki67-immunoreactive (IR) cells, the percentage of SVZ occupied by blood vessels or the density of Iba-1-IR microglia in control versus GR foetuses. However, regression analysis across both groups revealed that both the number of Ki67-IR cells and the percentage of SVZ occupied by blood vessels in the ventral SVZ were negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with brain weight. Furthermore, in the SVZ (dorsal and ventral) the density of blood vessels positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the number of Ki67-IR cells. Double-labelling immunofluorescence suggested that the majority of proliferating cells were likely to be neural precursor cells. Thus, we have demonstrated an association between angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the foetal neurogenic niche and have identified a window of opportunity for the administration of trophic support to enhance a neuroregenerative response.

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Fractal-dimension analysis detects cerebral changes in preterm infants with and without intrauterine growth restriction

Cited by 98 publications

References 56 publications

Fetal Brain MRI Texture Analysis Identifies Different Microstructural Patterns in Adequate and Small for Gestational Age Fetuses at Term

Fetal Brain MRI Texture Analysis Identifies Different Microstructural Patterns in Adequate and Small for Gestational Age Fetuses at Term

Intrauterine Growth Restriction Affects Cerebellar Granule Cells in the Developing Guinea Pig Brain

Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Effects on Neural Precursor Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis in the Foetal Subventricular Zone

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