Fractal Based Analysis of the Influence of Odorants on Heart Activity

Abstract

An important challenge in heart research is to make the relation between the features of external stimuli and heart activity. Olfactory stimulation is an important type of stimulation that affects the heart activity, which is mapped on Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Yet, no one has discovered any relation between the structures of olfactory stimuli and the ECG signal. This study investigates the relation between the structures of heart rate and the olfactory stimulus (odorant). We show that the complexity of the heart rate is coupled with the molecular complexity of the odorant, where more structurally complex odorant causes less fractal heart rate. Also, odorant having higher entropy causes the heart rate having lower approximate entropy. The method discussed here can be applied and investigated in case of patients with heart diseases as the rehabilitation purpose.

Can we Mathematically Correlate Brain Memory and Complexity?

“…More works be satisfied with the analysis, and less works proceeded with the fractal modelling. The reported works on analysis of DNA [2][3][4], EEG signal [5][6][7][8], s-ABR signal [9], heart rate signal [10], human respiration time series [11][12], eye movement time series [13], human stride time series [14], human face pattern [15], spider brain signal [16][17] are noteworthy to be mentioned. In all reported studies, the variation of complexity of time series or pattern analyzed in different conditions.…”

“…Approximate entropy as the measure of system randomness also received less attention by researchers. There are limited works that employed approximate entropy to talk about randomness of bio-signals [10][11].…”

The Complexity Based Analysis of the Correlation between Spider’s Brain Signal and Web

“…Fractal geometry builds complex objects by applying simple processes to complex building blocks; Euclidean geometry uses simpler building blocks but frequently requires complex building processes [13].Fractal dimension can be viewed as an index of complexity, which shows how a detail in a pattern changes with the scale at which it is measured. Fractal approach has been used widely in order to study the complexity of different processes [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Can We Study the Correlation between Human Brain Signal and Otherbiological Signals?

“…We found out that respiration signal gets less complex by choosing odorants with higher molecular complexity. In addition, the works on analyzing heart rate [17] and human stride time series [18] are noteworthy to mention.…”