Fractal and Polar Microstrip Antennas and Arrays for Wireless Communications

Silva, Paulo Fernandes da; Filho, Mauro Sérgio Pinto Silva; Santana, Ewaldo Éder Carvalho; Silva, Paulo Henrique da Fonseca; Oliveira, Elder Eldervitch Carneiro de; Oliveira, Maciel Alves de; Batista, Fabricio Ferreira; Serres, Alexandre; Freire, R.C.S.; Souza, Almir; Neto, Silva; Neto, Severino Aires de Araújo; Cruz, Carlos Augusto de Moraes

doi:10.5772/intechopen.83401

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Harmonics are often suppressed further by positioning a bandpass notch resonating filter nearer to the feeding. 28 However, the bulk of the techniques presented so far has addressed second-order harmonics, with higher order harmonics receiving little attention. The narrow bandwidth in-band is another limitation of those works.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and analysis of clover leaf‐shaped fractal antenna integrated with stepped impedance resonator for wireless applications

Palanisamy¹,

Thangaraju²

2022

Int J Communication

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A novel multi-band clover leaf-shaped fractal antenna with integrated filtering to reduce higher order harmonics has been proposed. Existing microstrip filtering antennas endure limited gain, narrow impedance bandwidth, and undesired frequency radiations. The proposed antenna is designated to operate simultaneously in following operating bands: 3.35-3.6 GHz for WiMAX, 5.156-5.825 GHz for WLAN, 5.7-6.4 GHz for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), and 7.7-8.5 GHz for ITU-R applications. The proposed patch is realized by combining two semi-fractal ring microstrip patches like the geometry of a three-leaf clover with dual-layered stepped impedance resonator (SIR) integrated at bottom layer of the second substrate. The SIR bandpass filter exhibits odd and even modes suppresses higher order harmonics and undesired radiations. An aperture coupled feeding in the proposed patch offers better bandwidth and impedance matching. The number of iterations is increased to get the desired multiband characteristics. The proposed microstrip fractal antenna has the geometrical dimensions of 50 Â 50 Â 2 mm 3 . It is observed that both the simulated and measured results offers peak gain of >5 dBi and better return loss (S 11 ), that is, 3.3-3.6-GHz band offers S 11 of À33.73 dB, 5.15-5.825-GHz band offers S 11 of À36.69 dB, and 5.795-6.4-GHz band shows the S 11 of À36.25 dB, and for 7.725-8.5 GHz, the return loss is À33.209 dB.Harmonics at 6.42 GHz (1.8f 0 ), 7.37 GHz (1.5f 0 ), and 9.04 GHz (1.73f 0 ) has been suppressed and shows linear polarization in the WLAN band and circular polarization in the ITU-R and WiMAX bands.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and analysis of clover leaf‐shaped fractal antenna integrated with stepped impedance resonator for wireless applications

Palanisamy¹,

Thangaraju²

2022

Int J Communication

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“…In [27], Defected Ground structures (DGS) mitigates the impacts of harmonics. Harmonics are often suppressed further by positioning a band pass notch resonating filter nearer to the feeding [28]. However, the bulk of the techniques presented so far have addressed secondorder harmonics, with higher-order harmonics receiving little attention.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where, ω U =designed filter's upper cut off frequency ω L =designed filter's lower cut off frequency Impedance (series inductor), Z= bf * g (28) Admittance (parallel capacitor), Y=bf * g ( 29)…”

Section: Formulae and Equivalent Circuit Of Filter Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of Clover Leaf Shaped Fractal Antenna Integrated With Stepped Impedance Resonator for Wireless Applications

Palanisamy¹,

Balakumaran²

2022

Preprint

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A novel multi-band clover leaf shaped fractal antenna with integrated filtering to reduce higher order harmonics has been proposed. Existing microstrip filtering antennas endure limited gain, narrow impedance bandwidth, and undesired frequency radiations. The proposed antenna is designated to operate simultaneously in following operating bands: 3.35–3.6 GHz for WiMAX, 5.156–5.825 GHz for WLAN, 5.7–6.4 GHz for Intelligent Transport Systems-ITS, and 7.7–8.5 GHz for ITU-R applications. The proposed patch is realized by combining two semi fractal ring microstrip patches like the geometry of a three-leaf clover with dual layered Stepped Impedance Resonator(SIR) integrated at bottom layer of the second substrate. The SIR band pass filter exhibits odd and even modes suppresses higher order harmonics and undesired radiations. An aperture coupled feeding in the proposed patch offers better bandwidth and impedance matching. The number of iterations is increased to get the desired multiband characteristics. The proposed microstrip fractal antenna has the geometrical dimensions of 50 × 50 × 2 mm3. It is observed that, both the simulated and measured results offers peak gain of > 5dBi and better return loss (S11) i.e., 3.3–3.6 GHz band offers S11 of -33.73dB, (5.15-5.825) GHz band offers S11 of -36.69dB, (5.795-6.4) GHz band shows the S11 of -36.25 dB and for (7.725-8.5) GHz, the return loss is -33.209 dB. Harmonics at 6.42GHz (1.8f0), 7.37GHz (1.5f0) and 9.04GHz(1.73f0) has been suppressed and shows linear polarization in the WLAN band and circular polarization in the ITU-R and WiMAX bands.

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Monopole directional antenna bioinspired in elliptical leaf with golden ratio for WLAN and 4G applications

Froes

Silva

Santana

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In this work, it is proposed the development a new monopole directional antenna, bioinspired in elliptical leaf, with cut by golden ratio, for 4G band application, by the use of the technique of the cut of the radiating element for the increasing of the antenna perimeter, being the first work to use this technique in a bioinspired antenna, promotes resonance frequency turned, and reconfiguring of the antenna parameters as bandwidth, radiation pattern and gain, with the use of the reflector near to the group plane, without the insertion of active devices as the pin diode or change in radiating element. The shape antenna is generated by Gielis formula, built in FR4 substrate, with cuts calculated by golden ratio. To compare the results of the bioinspired monopole on the elliptical sheet, a square-shaped monopole antenna was designed, simulated and measured, the structures were designed in the MATLAB software version 2015(b) and the simulations were performed in the Ansys software version 2016. In the results compared between the square monopole and the bioinspired antenna in the elliptical sheet, it can be seen that the measured bioinspired antenna, compared to the square monopole, presented a bandwidth reduction of 77.27%, a more compact structure, with a reduction of 98%, covering the wireless local area network, and long-time evolution 4G at 2.5 GHz. The proposed technique uses a reflector on the ground plane, to change the parameters of the monopole planar antenna, of omnidirectional radiation pattern to a directional, maintaining the characteristics of the broadband, half-power beamwidth great than 100°, with high current density, and similar gain of a directional antenna. From the results, it has been observed that the elliptical leaf monopole antenna shows broadband characteristics, with a half-power beamwidth of 128°, wideband, the bandwidth of 500 MHz, a gain of 6.28 dBi, a current density of 13.01 A/m2, and circular polarization.

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Fractal and Polar Microstrip Antennas and Arrays for Wireless Communications

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Design and analysis of clover leaf‐shaped fractal antenna integrated with stepped impedance resonator for wireless applications

Design and analysis of clover leaf‐shaped fractal antenna integrated with stepped impedance resonator for wireless applications

Design and Analysis of Clover Leaf Shaped Fractal Antenna Integrated With Stepped Impedance Resonator for Wireless Applications

Monopole directional antenna bioinspired in elliptical leaf with golden ratio for WLAN and 4G applications

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