Fractal Analysis of Commercial and Pyrolytic Carbon Blacks Using Nitrogen Adsorption Data

Darmstadt, Hans; Roy, Christian; Kaliaguine, Serge; Sahouli, Bendida; Blacher, Silvia; Pirard, René; Brouers, F.

doi:10.5254/1.3538746

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is because of the increase in surface roughness and partial breakdown of agglomerate during different processing steps of manufacturing. 2 The DBP absorption value was slightly higher for HTB and slightly lower for RB than for VB, which indicates that the structure did not change too much during regeneration or heat treatment. The increase in surface area was greater for HTB than for RB.…”

Section: Study Of Surface Area Structure and Phmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In the nitrogen surface area measurement test 2 (ASTM D 4820) a small amount of carbon black sample was placed in a known volume cell of a nitrogen surface area analyzer (Gemini 2370, Micromeritics, USA) and evacuated to less than 5 millitorr of vacuum. Using the ideal gas equation, the volume of nitrogen required to give a predetermined relative pressure was calculated and dosed into the sample cell.…”

Section: Nitrogen Surface Area Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are different methods for regeneration of carbon black from waste automobile tires, including: (1) vacuum pyrolysis, 2 (2) inert atmosphere pyrolysis, 1 (3) pyrolysis in a muffle furnace, (4) microwave conversion of scrap tires, 1 (5) nitric acid digestion, (6) metathesis degradation, 3 and (7) supercritical and subcritical water oxidation. 4 In the current study the third process, pyrolysis in a muffle furnace, was followed for the regeneration of carbon black from waste automobile tires because of its simplicity in operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Regeneration of carbon black from waste automobile tires

Bhadra

Mondal

et al. 2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon black, an important ingredient in tires, was regenerated from waste automobile tires. Waste tires were cut to separate the tread cap, tread base, side wall, and inner ply and were crushed and pyrolyzed in a muffle furnace at 430°C for 3 h. This black was again heated at 430°C for 1.5 h to increase the surface area to get regenerated black (RB). To find out the effect of heating during pyrolysis, the original black was also heated at 430°C for 1.5 h to get heat-treated black (HTB). The regenerated black (RB) was characterized by different methods. It was mixed in different formulations, with few required properties of the final mixed compounds measured, and then cured maintaining technical cure time and temperature; physicomechanical properties of the cured specimen were measured and compared with that of the virgin black (VB) and the heat-treated black (HTB). From all these results it was concluded that regenerated black has a higher surface area, higher elongation at break, and higher heat buildup but a lower cure rate, a lower modulus, and a comparable state of cure, dispersion, hardness, tensile strength, and tear strength compared with those of the virgin black. It was also found that for the regenerated black, the structure and agglomerate size were slightly changed. Some polar acidic groups were incorporated into the carbon black during pyrolysis or during heat treatment. Regenerated black had better aging properties than did the virgin or heat-treated black.

show abstract

Section: Study Of Surface Area Structure and Phmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Nitrogen Surface Area Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Regeneration of carbon black from waste automobile tires

Bhadra

Mondal

et al. 2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The detailed studies of the commercial carbon black samples (N375 and N774) and the organic resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) freeze-dried gels have been published elsewhere (17,(23)(24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Neimark (10 -13) has suggested the possibility of applying the thermodynamic method, until now used exclusively on the nitrogen adsorption data (14,17,18), for calculating the surface fractal dimension from mercury porosimetry experiments. In this method, the analogue of the Kiselev integral equation used for determining the area of the liquid-vapor interface from sorption experiments is the Rootare-Prenzlow equation (19),…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal Analysis of Mercury Porosimetry Data in the Framework of the Thermodynamic Method

Sahouli

Blacher

Pirard

et al. 1999

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Characterisation of Surface Activity of Carbon Black and its Relation to Polymer‐Filler Interaction

Schröder

Klüppel

Schuster

2007

Macro Materials & Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The surface activity of commercial and experimental carbon blacks varying in particle size and primary aggregate structure was investigated with regard to surface roughness and energetic surface structure of primary particles. The energetic surface structure was described by the site energy distribution function f(Q), which was determined mainly from the gas adsorption isotherms of ethene. It was found that the surface of carbon black was energetically very heterogeneous. It consisted of at least four different adsorption sites (I: Q ≈ 16 kJ · mol−1; II: Q ≈ 20 kJ · mol−1; III: Q ≈ 25 kJ · mol−1; IV: Q ≈ 30 kJ · mol−1). The fraction of the sites I–IV depended on the production process of the carbon black grades and the particle size. For the furnace blacks, the fraction of high‐energy sites decreased significantly with particle size and disappeared almost completely during graphitisation. This indicates that the reinforcing potential of carbon black is closely related to the amount of highly energetic sites that can be well quantified by the applied gas adsorption technique. The surface roughness was characterised by the surface fractal dimension, Ds, which was determined by two different techniques: the yardstick‐method and the extended Frenkel‐Halsey‐Hill‐theory (fractal FHH‐theory). It is found that the furnace blacks have an almost equal roughness with a surface fractal dimension of Ds ≈ 2.6 beyond a length scale z ≈ 6 nm. This result is shown to be in fair agreement with analytical models and computer simulations of surface growth of carbon black in a furnace reactor.magnified image

show abstract

Fractal Analysis of Commercial and Pyrolytic Carbon Blacks Using Nitrogen Adsorption Data

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Regeneration of carbon black from waste automobile tires

Regeneration of carbon black from waste automobile tires

Fractal Analysis of Mercury Porosimetry Data in the Framework of the Thermodynamic Method

Characterisation of Surface Activity of Carbon Black and its Relation to Polymer‐Filler Interaction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About