Frac-Packing: Best Practices and Lessons Learned from over 600 Operations

Abstract

Frac-packing is a completion technique that merges two distinct processes: Hydraulic fracturing and gravel packing. The main challenge of a frac-pack completion is the successful creation of high conductivity fractures using the tip-screen out technique and placement of proppant within those fractures and the annulus between the screen and wellbore. This is further compounded by having to do so in an ultra high permeability environment, where high fluid leak-off rates are evident. Since 1997, job data from more than 600 frac-packing operations worldwide have been compiled into a database. This paper reviews well information and key frac-packing parameters. Also summarized are engineering implementations and challenges, best practices, and lessons learned. Essential frac-pack design parameters attained from the step-rate-test (SRT) and mini-frac test are evaluated. These include bottom hole pressure, rock closure time and fracturing fluid efficiency. Down hole pressure and temperature are also discussed because of their importance to the post completion efficiency evaluation and fracturing fluid optimization phase. Worldwide case histories are provided demonstrating how to deploy different frac-packing systems and pack the wellbore under extreme conditions with improved packing efficiency and a higher chance of success.

Sand Control from a Supply Vessel: Mobile Fracturing Fleet Saves Rig Time in Subsea Completions

“…Even though the benefits of vessel-based fracturing fleets are well documented across the industry [for example, Torres and Prata (2005), Cooper and Marshall (1984), and Weirich et al (2012)], the use of a vessel for this campaign was initially dismissed as too costly, too complicated, and superfluous given the previous successful campaigns. The original plan was to assemble two rig-based fracturing fleets with each rig having its own dedicated fleet and personnel.…”