Iron is essential for life for practically all living organisms and plays a number of key roles in biology. However, under physiological conditions, iron forms highly insoluble ferric hydroxide complexes, which severely limits its bioavailability. To overcome the problem of iron inaccessibility, bacteria excrete high‐affinity iron‐chelators termed
siderophores
that are able to solubilize iron and deliver it into the cells. In gram‐negative bacteria, the uptake of ferrisiderophores always involves, at the level of the outer membrane, specific transporters of the family of the TonB‐dependent receptors. The energy required for this uptake is provided by the proton‐motive force of the inner membrane by means of an inner membrane complex comprising three proteins, TonB, ExbB, and ExbD. Structures of TonB‐dependent receptors have been solved in different conformations. They are all composed of a β‐barrel occluded by a globular domain. The binding site is highly specific for a single siderophore and is located in the lumen on the extracellular side of the barrel. Some TonB‐dependent receptors have an additional N‐terminal domain located in the periplasm. These receptors, in parallel to transport ferrisiderophores across the outer membrane, are involved in a signaling cascade regulating expression of genes involved in iron acquisition.