FPGA Implementation of Rate-Adaptable Prefix-Free Code Distribution Matching for Probabilistic Constellation Shaping

Energy-efficient implementation of probabilistic shaping

“…Fig. 6 shows an example of a (𝑌 ℓ 𝐴 , 𝑍 ℓ 𝐴 ) combination for (𝐴, 𝐵) = (8,12), where there are 65536 candidates (entire region) and 4096 used cases (blue markers). Fig.…”

“…Several DM techniques have been proposed, such as constantcomposition DM [6], enumerative sphere shaping [7], hierarchical DM (HiDM) [8], and prefix-free code DM [9]. Among these, only HiDM and prefixfree code DM have been implemented on a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Adaptive Geometric Constellation Shaping in a Transmission System with a Real-time Optimisation Loop

“…However, it is not yet commonly implemented in commercial systems. One of the reasons for this is that the approach is not yet mature with virtually no hardware prototypes demonstrating constellation shaping and its performance in realistic transmission systems [3][4][5]. In addition, the existing literature is focused on the implementation of the DSP chain components related to constellation shaping, such as constellation demappers and distribution matchers.…”

Compressed Shaping: Concept and FPGA Demonstration

“…The accuracy of the power consumption estimation is improved by introducing a dynamic simulation. Even if we consider shaping encoding only, there have been very few other reports on FPGA implementations [34], [35]. Furthermore, there are neither any reports on static/dynamic power consumption estimates nor any real-time evaluations of FPGA implementations including both shaping encoding and decoding, except [32].…”