FPGA‐assisted state‐of‐polarisation generation for polarisation‐encoded optical communications

Muga, Nelson J.; Ramos, Mariana F.; Mantey, Sara T.; Silva, Nuno; Pinto, Armando N.

doi:10.1049/iet-opt.2020.0035

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Regarding the EPC used, it is important to mention that this EPC has intrinsic advantages such as plug and play versatility, low insertion loss, small size, and wavelength insensitivity, which smoothed the way for the first validation of the polarization state generation algorithm proposed in this work [19]. However, the above-mentioned hysteresis and its low modulation bandwidth make this kind of EPC not suitable for practical QKD implementations, as it will be unable to provide competitive final secret key rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, fiber-based Sagnac interferometers can generate highly stable SOPs, however, they present a complex experimental implementation [18]. Taking this into account, it is important to develop simple SOP generation methods that overcome these issues, for example using electro-optic polarization controllers (PCs) [19]. Similarly to other communication systems, QKD requires reliable and efficient synchronization mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and implementation of a polarization-encoding system for quantum key distribution

Mantey,

Silva,

Pinto

et al. 2024

J. Opt.

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We present the design and implementation of a state-of-polarization (SOP) management technique and two efficient synchronizing methods for quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. This is achieved following a wavelength-division multiplexing approach, where the classical synchronization signal and the quantum states are propagated in the same optical fiber. The employed frame synchronization method is based on the monitoring of the quantum bit error ratio (QBER) of the quantum channel, thus avoiding additional hardware and high computational resources. We evaluate the operation of SOP generation method through the assessment of the individual response of the waveplates that comprise the employed electronic polarization controller. Finally, the performance was assessed by computing the overall QBER and the QBER contributions of each of the four polarization states associated with the different qubits. The measurements, obtained during six hours, show a slight variation of the QBER values associated with the individual contributions, reaching an overall QBER of 0.75%. This demonstrates the capability of the presented methods to operate, stably, with very low QBER values, making its application in practical QKD systems reliable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and implementation of a polarization-encoding system for quantum key distribution

Mantey,

Silva,

Pinto

et al. 2024

J. Opt.

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“…In (DV)-QKD schemes, a single photon detector (SPD) ] is applied in Bob's side while in (CV)-QKD the field quadrature of light is measured with support of homodyne/heterodyne detection [DJORDJEVIC 2020] [Pereira et al 2021 . Methods based in photon polarization, trough DV-QKD are really appellative due to their high versatility (free space and optical fiber) and overall easier use [Muga et al 2019] [Mantey et al 2021] [Mantey et al 2022] [Muga 2020].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a Polarization-Encoding System for Practical Quantum Key Distribution

Costa

Muga²,

Silva³

et al. 2022

Anais Do II Workshop De Comunicação E Computação Quântica (WQuantum 2022)

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We present a method for optimizing the waveplate’s voltage range of an electro-optic based electrical polarization controller for qubit encoding in discrete-variable quantum key distribution (QKD). By increasing the number of used waveplates, the maximum voltage range to generate each of the states-of-polarization required by a QKD protocol can be reduced. The proposed machine learning algorithm, particle swarm optimization, was validated through numerical and experimental results. Results show that transitions between six states of polarization used in QKD systems can be generated using a maximum voltage range of 10V in each waveplate.

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“…利用量子密钥分发后处理中冗余密钥作为反馈控制偏振态 [30] , 其基于双区域计数的优点, 缩短偏振态搜索时间, 提高搜索效率 [31,32] , 利用自动生成和确定偏振态验证了在极端条件下长时间稳定运转的可行性 [33,34] . 本地本振CV-QKD实验系统中, 通过数据后处理补偿偏振态的变化 [35] .…”

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Research on dynamic polarization control in continuous variable quantum key distribution systems

Zhang,

Bai,

Jie

et al. 2024

Acta Phys. Sin.

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In a commercial fiber-based quantum key distribution system, the local and signal optical fields are transmitted through long distance fibers using time division multiplexing and polarization multiplexing. The state of polarization of the optical fields is inevitably disturbed by random birefringence of the standard single-mode fiber caused by external complex environments. This drift of the state of polarization significantly affects the balanced homodyne detection results and the secret key rate. Therefore, the key technology of the dynamic polarization control unit is crucial for the system on a large-scale commercial application. We theoretically analyze and prove that the polarization control unit only requires a combination of two degrees of freedom when considering the outcomes of an arbitrary polarization extinction ratio at the system receiver. To overcome the influence of polarization variations, we propose a chaotic monkey algorithm based on Bayesian parameter estimation method and implement intelligence algorithm on field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware under pulsed light with an integral type detector for the dynamic polarization control unit. The simulative results indicate that the optimal combination is four degrees of freedom and the optimal prior distribution is an exponential distribution among the other kinds of distributions in the dynamic polarization control unit. According to the simulative results, the experimental results show that the achieved polarization extinction ratio is over 30 dB and the average time of polarization control is 400 μs for a single random polarization scrambling. By combining the dynamic polarization control unit with the system, we demonstrated continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) under a continuous polarization scrambling scope of 0~2 krad/s and verified its validity. In addition, the methods presented will improve the performance of the system and expand the range of applications even under strong external disturbance.

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FPGA‐assisted state‐of‐polarisation generation for polarisation‐encoded optical communications

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Design and implementation of a polarization-encoding system for quantum key distribution

Design and implementation of a polarization-encoding system for quantum key distribution

Optimization of a Polarization-Encoding System for Practical Quantum Key Distribution

Research on dynamic polarization control in continuous variable quantum key distribution systems

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