FPEX γ‐Radiolysis in the Presence of Nitric Acid

Mincher, Bruce J.; Mezyk, Stephen P.; Bauer, William F.; Elias, Gracy; Riddle, Catherine L.; Peterman, Dean R.

doi:10.1080/07366290701512477

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Processes like fission product extraction [18,19] and caustic-side solvent extraction [20,21] using calix [4]biscrowns to selectively separate cesium from the highly active liquid waste (HLW) have been reported. The Cs(I)/Na(I) selectivity of calix [4]-bis-crown-6 could reach a level of 1,500.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction equilibrium and thermodynamics of cesium with a new derivative of calix[4]biscrown

Dai

Zhang

2014

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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A new supermolecular recognition agent named tetra-tert-butyl-calix[4]-bis[(4-methly-1,2-phenylene-crown-6] (TertButylCalixC) was synthesized. Batchwise experiments of extraction of Na(I), K(I), Rb(I), Cs(I), Sr(II), Ba(II), Ru(III) and Fe(III) from aqueous solution with TertButylCalixC/o-nitroanisole were carried out. Effects of HNO 3 concentration, contact time and temperature on the extraction behavior were examined. The equilibrium established within 30 min implied a fast extraction kinetics. The optimal operation temperature was 298 K. Stoichiometry of TertButylCalixC and Cs(I) by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry characterization revealed 1:1 molar ratio. It was observed that the extraction system of TertButylCalixC/o-nitroanisole was effective for selective removal of Cs(I), showing remarkable separation performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction equilibrium and thermodynamics of cesium with a new derivative of calix[4]biscrown

Dai

Zhang

2014

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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“…Nitrated products derived from TBP (42), Cs-7SB (43) and various calixarenes have all been reported (44). Yields of these products are higher under irradiation and irradiated solvents develop yellow or yellowish orange tints.…”

Section: Radiolytic and Hydolytic Nitration Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

An Overview of Selected Radiation Chemical Reactions Affecting Fuel Cycle Solvent Extraction

Mincher

2010

ACS Symposium Series

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Aqueous solvent extraction for the recovery of uranium and plutonium from dissolved nuclear fuel has been used successfully since the advent of the nuclear age. Following decades of PUREX operating experience in several countries, new solvent extraction processes are now being developed worldwide to extract additional long-lived radionuclides , including especially the minor actindes. These must be partitioned from the lanthanides in what is an especially challenging separation. These new processes rely on specialty ligands as metal complexing agents. They must be reasonably stable to hydrolytic and radiolytic degradation in the acidic, irradiated biphasic system. Solvent system degradation may lead to decreases in ligand concentration, production of interfering degradation products, and changes in solvent viscocity and phase separation parameters. Therefore, research is underway in the USA, Europe and Asia with a goal of understanding these affects on solvent extraction efficiency for specific systems. This chapter presents an overview of the important reactions that are common to all solvent extraction systems with reference to recent research findings at Idaho National Lab (INL) and elsewhere. It is shown that indirect radiolysis by reaction with radiolytically produced reactive species such as hydroxyl radical, radical cations and nitrous acid is responsible for much ligand and diluent degradation.

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“…For the selective separation of Cs from both acidic and alkaline solutions by liquid-liquid extraction, BOBCalixC6 and its derivatives have been extensively studied as appropriate extractants owing to their excellent extraction ability and selectivity for Cs ions, and they are resistant against acidic, alkaline and radiation conditions [22][23][24][25]. Also, many works related to the extractants have been studied [26][27][28][29], and Cs-7SB was introduced to avoid the formation of a third phase [30,31] and trioctylamine was added for effective back extraction [32]. Before the continuous extraction of Cs was performed using the centrifugal extractor, batch extraction tests were conducted for selecting suitable solution conditions ( Table 2).…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-staging for extraction of cesium from nitric acid by a single liquid–liquid countercurrent centrifugal extractor with Taylor vortices

Nakase

Kinuhata

Takeshita

2013

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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Fission products that emit considerable decay heat and radioactivity, such as 137 Cs, have a large impact on waste management. Small and high-performance extractor is desirable for separating such nuclei. In this study, we implemented the continuous extraction of Cs from nitric acid in a single liquid-liquid countercurrent centrifugal extractor with Taylor Vortices by calix [4]arene-bis(t-octylbenzo-crown-6)(BOBCalixC6) as an extractant with trioctylamine(TOA) as a suppressant and with 1-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)-3-(4-secbutylphenoxy)-2-propanol (Cs-7SB) as a phase modifier. Because of slow extraction kinetics of this process, extraction with multiple theoretical stages by just replacing conventional extractors into the single centrifugal extractor is difficult. Hence, we improved the dispersion of organic phase by an inner rotor made of lipophilic epoxy resin and elevating the solution temperature to lower the viscosity. Higher temperature was not appropriate from the aspect of chemical equilibrium in this process, but extraction with multiple theoretical stages was found to be possible.

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FPEX γ‐Radiolysis in the Presence of Nitric Acid

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Extraction equilibrium and thermodynamics of cesium with a new derivative of calix[4]biscrown

Extraction equilibrium and thermodynamics of cesium with a new derivative of calix[4]biscrown

An Overview of Selected Radiation Chemical Reactions Affecting Fuel Cycle Solvent Extraction

Multi-staging for extraction of cesium from nitric acid by a single liquid–liquid countercurrent centrifugal extractor with Taylor vortices

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