Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

2009

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.138

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FOXO3a is involved in the apoptosis of naked oocytes and oocytes of primordial follicles from neonatal rat ovaries

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Introduction2

Growth Factors and Signaling Molecules1

Discussion1

Hfd-induced Obesity Downregulates Akt Signaling In the Ovary1

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Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Akt1 mouse knockout ovaries contain MOFs, indicating a role for the PI3K pathway in cyst breakdown (Brown et al 2010). Further, inhibition of AKT in neonatal rat ovary organ culture resulted in decreased CDK1/p27 expression and decreased phosphorylated FOXO3a and was associated with reduced oocyte apoptosis (Liu et al 2009). It is not, however, likely that FOXO3a is involved in cyst breakdown as FOXO3a knockouts demonstrate normal primordial follicle formation (John et al 2007).…”

Section: Growth Factors and Signaling Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicular assembly: mechanisms of action

2012

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The differentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) into functional oocytes is important for the continuation of species. In mammals, PGCs begin to differentiate into oocytes during embryonic development. Oocytes develop in clusters called germ line cysts. During fetal or neonatal development, germ cell cysts break apart into single oocytes that become surrounded by pregranulosa cells to form primordial follicles. During the process of cyst breakdown, a subset of cells in each cyst undergoes cell death with only one-third of the initial number of oocytes surviving to form primordial follicles. The mechanisms that control cyst breakdown, oocyte survival, and follicle assembly are currently under investigation. This review describes the mechanisms that have been implicated in the control of primordial follicle formation, which include programmed cell death regulation, growth factor and other signaling pathways, regulation by transcription factors and hormones, meiotic progression, and changes in cell adhesion. Elucidation of mechanisms leading to formation of the primordial follicle pool will help research efforts in ovarian biology and improve treatments of female infertility, premature ovarian failure, and reproductive cancers.

“…Akt1 mouse knockout ovaries contain MOFs, indicating a role for the PI3K pathway in cyst breakdown (Brown et al 2010). Further, inhibition of AKT in neonatal rat ovary organ culture resulted in decreased CDK1/p27 expression and decreased phosphorylated FOXO3a and was associated with reduced oocyte apoptosis (Liu et al 2009). It is not, however, likely that FOXO3a is involved in cyst breakdown as FOXO3a knockouts demonstrate normal primordial follicle formation (John et al 2007).…”

Section: Growth Factors and Signaling Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicular assembly: mechanisms of action

2012

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The differentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) into functional oocytes is important for the continuation of species. In mammals, PGCs begin to differentiate into oocytes during embryonic development. Oocytes develop in clusters called germ line cysts. During fetal or neonatal development, germ cell cysts break apart into single oocytes that become surrounded by pregranulosa cells to form primordial follicles. During the process of cyst breakdown, a subset of cells in each cyst undergoes cell death with only one-third of the initial number of oocytes surviving to form primordial follicles. The mechanisms that control cyst breakdown, oocyte survival, and follicle assembly are currently under investigation. This review describes the mechanisms that have been implicated in the control of primordial follicle formation, which include programmed cell death regulation, growth factor and other signaling pathways, regulation by transcription factors and hormones, meiotic progression, and changes in cell adhesion. Elucidation of mechanisms leading to formation of the primordial follicle pool will help research efforts in ovarian biology and improve treatments of female infertility, premature ovarian failure, and reproductive cancers.

“…Under normal conditions, FoxO3a is located in the nucleus and activates the expression of genes associated with cell death/apoptosis (39). Following stimulation, Akt phosphorylates FoxO3a, leading to the association of FoxO3a with 14-3-3 proteins, retention of FoxO3a in the cytoplasm and inhibition of FoxO3a-dependent transcriptional activity (25,39). Regarding follicular development, FoxO3a may activate the expression of certain genes that maintain follicle quiescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Akt, an upstream regulator of FoxO3a, is essential for the adverse metabolic effects of insulin, which is the major regulatory mechanism involved in follicular development (25). Thus, the effect of HFD-induced obesity on Akt signaling …”

Section: Hfd-induced Obesity Downregulates Akt Signaling In the Ovarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that BMP15 regulates Smad1/5/8 activity and regulates ovarian follicular development (22)(23)(24). Additionally, Liu et al (11,25) reported that constitutively active FoxO3a expressed in oocytes stimulated downregulation of BMP15 expression and suppressed Smad pathway activation. Furthermore, the BMP15 gene promoter contains FoxO3a binding sites (11,25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Liu et al (11,25) reported that constitutively active FoxO3a expressed in oocytes stimulated downregulation of BMP15 expression and suppressed Smad pathway activation. Furthermore, the BMP15 gene promoter contains FoxO3a binding sites (11,25). These previous studies indicated that the regulation of FoxO3a during follicular development may be mediated via the BMP15/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of high-fat diet-induced obesity on the Akt/FoxO/Smad signaling pathway and the follicular development of the mouse ovary

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Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Obesity has a negative effect on ovarian functions, which is reported to increase the risk of infertility. The mechanism underlying obesity-induced infertility is not yet clear. The present study established a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effect of HFD-induced obesity on follicular development in the mouse ovary. The 4-week-old female mice were fed with HFD or normal control (NC) diet for 15 or 20 weeks. Body mass index was used to demonstrate that the mice were obese following HFD treatment. The follicular development of the ovaries from the HFD group mice was retarded in a time-dependent manner, as demonstrated by morphological and histological examination of the ovaries. Further investigation via western blot analysis demonstrated that the activity of the transcription factor, forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a), was increased by HFD through downregulated FoxO3a phosphorylation, which may contribute to the inhibited development of ovarian follicles. To determine the regulatory mechanism of FoxO3 on the follicular development, the expression levels of FoxO3a target protein, Smad1/5/8, were also determined and there was significant decrease in phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 in the ovaries from the HFD group compared with the NC group, indicating that FoxO3a/Smad1/5/8 may be important in the regulation of follicular development. The expression levels of the upstream regulator of FoxO3a, Akt, were also examined and it was demonstrated that Akt phosphorylation was significantly reduced in the HFD group compared with the NC group, indicating that Akt/FoxO3a may be also involved in follicular development. Together, the experiments demonstrated that HFD-induced obesity affected the activity of the Akt/FoxO3a/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway in a time-dependent manner during the follicular development of the mouse ovary, leading to abnormal follicular development. These findings may provide part of a theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of obesity-associated female infertility.

Immunolocalization of melatonin receptor type 1 in the sheep ovary and involvement of the PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway in the effects of melatonin on survival and in vitro activation of primordial follicles

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Molecular Reproduction Devel

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This study characterized the expression of melatonin receptor type 1 (MT 1 ) protein in sheep ovaries, evaluated melatonin effects on primordial follicle survival and development after in vitro culture of ovarian tissue and verified the possible involvement of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/forkhead box O3a (PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a) pathway in the melatonin actions. Ovine ovarian fragments were cultured in α-modified minimum essential medium alone (α-MEM + ) or supplemented with 100, 500, or 1000 pg/ml melatonin for 7 days. PI3K inhibition was performed through pretreatment of ovarian fragments with LY294002. Thereafter, immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Akt, phosphorylated-Akt, and phosphorylated-FOXO3a (p-FOXO3a). The immunohistochemical localization of the MT 1 receptor protein was documented in sheep preantral and antral follicles. After in vitro culture, 100 pg/ml melatonin showed higher follicular survival and activation than α-MEM + and other melatonin concentrations.After PI3K inhibition, there was an increase in cleaved caspase-3-positive follicles, and a decrease in the primordial follicle activation, Akt phosphorylation, and nuclear exclusion of p-FOXO3a. In conclusion, MT 1 receptor protein is present in the sheep ovary.Furthermore, 100 pg/ml melatonin maintains survival and stimulates activation of primordial follicles through the PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway after in vitro culture of sheep ovarian tissue. K E Y W O R D S hormone receptor, immunohistochemistry, in vitro culture, ovarian cortex, preantral follicle 1 | INTRODUCTION In vitro activation of primordial follicles cultured within the ovary itself is an essential tool to study the early follicle development and optimize the use of the female germ cell pool (Telfer & Zelinski, 2013; J. J. Wang et al., 2017). Studies on in vitro activation of primordial follicles, and subsequent growth and maturation have gained a lot of attention as a potential source of mature eggs for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, followed by the delivery of healthy born

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