Foveal subretinal fluid in a pediatric patient's eyes with a congenital tilted optic disc and a dome-shaped macula

Abstract

Fig. 1-The fundus examination of both eyes revealed a tilted optic disc with inferonasal crescent, inferonasal and macular atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, and a situs inversus of the retinal vessels.

Subfoveal retinal detachment associated with dome-shaped macula in a 6 year-old child: Comparison with other case reports and systematic review of the literature regarding dome-shaped macula in children

“… 22 In fact, staphylomas are known to develop in middle age, 4 , 16 , 20 whereas DSM can be present very early in life. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 In keeping with this, it is of note that the DSM studies in children and adolescents 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 do not report the existence of staphylomas. The absence of staphyloma in our patient may be readily explained by her age.…”

“… 12 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 21 There are other studies, on the contrary, which do not report the association of DSM with posterior staphyloma. 3 , 4 , 5 , 8 , 12 , 22 The diagnosis of staphyloma is commonly based on fundoscopy, colour images or OCT scans. However, the accuracy of these methods for diagnosing staphylomas remains controversial.…”

“…This would be in line with the previously described DSM in children and adolescents. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 Although change of dome orientation has been described in longitudinal studies, 10 further studies are needed to elucidate why horizontal domes occur more readily at a younger age, and which pathophysiological mechanism prompts this. Nevertheless, this finding may be due to the limited number of reported subjects.…”

“…Dome-shaped macula (DSM) was first described by Gaucher et al in 2008 as a convex elevation of the macula within a myopic staphyloma. 1 Since then, there has been an increasing number of studies describing DSM, mainly in adults with high myopia, but also in children and adolescents 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ; and both in patients with emmetropia and hypermetropia. 6 Although Gaucher et al defined the condition as a macular bulge within a myopic staphyloma, DSM has been frequently observed in the absence of a staphyloma.…”

“… 17 , 18 Interestingly, studies conducted in children only found horizontal dome shapes in their cohorts. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 …”