Fourth Estate

Thussu, Daya Kishan

doi:10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecf038

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The function of the press in society is to check on government and to be watchdog over the workings of democracy, in essence an act that has since been named the fourth estate (Siebert, Peterson and Schram 1956). Based on this basic faith to this day, a society is said to have a high quality of democracy when its press can counterbalance other powers and enhances the debate in the public sphere (Thussu 2008).…”

Section: Press Theories and The Democratic Role Of Investigative Jourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arab investigative journalism practice

Hamdy

2013

Journal of Arab &Amp; Muslim Media Research

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Given investigative journalism's purpose of providing accountability and exposing wrongdoing of governments and business, this study examines whether changes in political circumstances due to the Arab revolutions have given rise to the production of more investigative reporting, whether Arab journalists have the same understanding of the meaning of investigative journalism as their western counterparts, and if individual or organizational characteristics encourage or hinder journalists' performance. Findings indicated that changes in the political environment did not generally help them conduct such reporting. Results also indicated that individual, organization or ownership types did not dictate their capacity to perform such investigations. Rather the ability depended on how much the individual journalist believed and understood this to be a unique type of journalism genre as well as whether they were advanced enough in their career to perform such in-depth work. The results also indicated that Arab journalists believe in their ability to make change and are motivated by a sense of self-fulfillment to provide the public with watchdog journalism.

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Section: Press Theories and The Democratic Role Of Investigative Jourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arab investigative journalism practice

Hamdy

2013

Journal of Arab &Amp; Muslim Media Research

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“…Over time various theoretical accounts of the role of the media have been put forward. Historically, news media has been described as a “pillar on which the smooth functioning of a democratic society rests, together with the other three estates (legislative, executive, and judiciary)” (Thussu, 2008, p. 1). This view of media as the “Fourth Estate” is connected to the idea that it acts as a “watchdog” of government activities guarding the public interest and providing a forum for public debate (Whitten-Woodring and James, 2012).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missing voices in GRI standards? Distinct material concerns of Latin American stakeholders revealed by COVID-19

Hazelton

Leong²,

Tello³

2022

AAAJ

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PurposeThis paper aims to explore the extent to which global reporting initiative (GRI) standards reflect the material concerns of stakeholders in developing countries, with particular reference to Latin America.Design/methodology/approachThe main dataset was a sample of 120 media articles that discussed corporate conduct related to COVID-19 from both developing (Chile, Mexico and Peru) and developed (Australia, UK and the USA) countries. Concerns evident from those articles were compared and then mapped to applicable GRI standards to identify relevant disclosures and gaps. Findings were triangulated by drawing on two additional datasets: Latin American GRI-related academic literature (in Spanish) and submissions to GRI standards.FindingsMedia analysis reveals significant differences between developing and developed country concerns, as well as gaps in GRI disclosure requirements in relation to customers, labour standards and corporate interactions with non-government organisations and governments. Analysis of Latin American literature corroborates the concerns raised in media articles regarding employment. Additionally, it points out country-specific issues and calls for increased reporting of corruption. Analysis of the GRI standards development process reveals marked underrepresentation of developing countries, which may contribute to the observed deficiencies in the GRI standards.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the (surprisingly rare) research concerning the quality of GRI standards and responds to calls for greater attention to developing countries in the SEA literature by showing that GRI standards may not fully meet the needs of users in the developing country context of Latin America. The paper also contributes to practice via specific recommendations for improvement to GRI standards and the standard-setting process and provides a summary of the key findings from Spanish-language Latin American literature.

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“…A normative perspective suggests that free, objective and professional me dia perform the watchdog functions over political entities by guarding public in terest and providing a space for public debate that supports the processes of de mocracy (Thussu, 2008). The underlying mechanism is that the media provide suf ficient and relevant political information so that citizens are adequately informed about public affairs (Banducci, Giebler, & Kritzinger, 2017).…”

Section: Comparative Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Intergroup relations and media: The effects of media system quality in explaining immigration attitudes

Ozola-Schade

2022

SComS

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From an intergroup relations perspective, attitudes toward immigration derive from assessments of immigrants’ ethnic proximity to the host society. However, attitudes are embedded not only in the notion of intergroup relations, they are influenced by the information environment in which public discourse about immigration is shaped. This paper investigates whether the quality of the media system contributes to the emergence of a well-informed public that is more likely to reinforce democratic values and thus have more positive attitudes toward immigration. The European Social Survey data (2002–2018) from 19 European countries are combined with media quality indicators from the Varieties of Democracy project and studied in a cross-national comparative perspective. Results confirm that Europeans prefer immigrants that are ethnically more similar to the majority of the host society, regardless of time or given country. Furthermore, attitudes are more positive in countries with stronger public services. Moreover, a higher quality media system that reflects the level of media freedom, opinion plurality, self-governance, and objectivity, fosters pro-immigration attitudes, especially for immigrants who are ethnically different from the host society.

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Fourth Estate

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Arab investigative journalism practice

Arab investigative journalism practice

Missing voices in GRI standards? Distinct material concerns of Latin American stakeholders revealed by COVID-19

Intergroup relations and media: The effects of media system quality in explaining immigration attitudes

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