Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy of Long-Chain Molecules Containing Strongly Absorbing Chromophores

Zimba, Carl G.; Hallmark, V. M.; Swalen, J. D.; Rabolt, John F.

doi:10.1366/0003702874448094

Cited by 92 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Improvements in Raman instrumentation, particularly incorporation of Fourier spectroscopy (detector signal enhancement), use of NIR excitation lasers of either yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO 4 ) and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) emitting light at a wavelength of 1064 nm (approximately 9400 cm −1 ), and use of optical filters with very low transmission at the Rayleigh line wavelength have reduced interference by reflecting the interfering light (Hirschfeld and Chase, 1986;Schrader et al, 2000;Zimba et al, 1987). FT-Raman, as Dispersive Raman, requires small amounts of sample and minimal sample preparation.…”

Section: Fourier Transformed Raman Spectroscopy (Ft-raman)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Chemical Insights Provided through Vibrational Spectroscopy

Parikh

Goyne

Margenot

et al. 2014

Advances in Agronomy

202

163

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Section: Fourier Transformed Raman Spectroscopy (Ft-raman)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Chemical Insights Provided through Vibrational Spectroscopy

Parikh

Goyne

Margenot

et al. 2014

Advances in Agronomy

202

163

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“…However, about 2 years ago, it was realized that by using a near-infrared laser, such as a neodymium-yttrium/aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, as the probing beam, the problem of fluorescence, a common problem of Raman spectroscopy, could, in many cases, be overcome (10)(11)(12). Also it was realized that, by combining a near-infrared laser with an FT-spectrophotometer, the high-wavenumber precision inherent in FT spectroscopy would be another advantage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some indication that bands caused by chromophores may indeed dominate the FT-Raman spectra was obtained from investigations of dye molecules embedded in LangmuirBlodgett films (10). In this report we show that this result is also true for the FT-Raman spectra of (i) a strongly fluorescent system, such as phycocyanin; (ii) a system with very slow cyclic photoreaction, such as the dark adaptation of bacteriorhodopsin; and (iii) a system that bleaches upon absorption of light, such as rhodopsin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy applied to photobiological systems.

Sawatzki

Fishcer

Scheer

et al. 1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Fluorescence and initiation of photoreactions are problems frequently encountered with resonance Raman spectroscopy of photobiological systems. These problems can be circumvented with Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy by using the 1064-nm wavelength of a continuous wave neodymium-yttrium/aluminum-garnet laser as the probing beam. This wavelength is far from the absorption band of most pigments. Yet, the spectra of the investigated systemsbacteriorhodopsin, rhodopsin, and phycocyanin-show that these systems are still dominated by the chromophore, or that preresonant Raman scattering is still prevalent. Only for rhodopsin were contributions of the protein and the membrane discernible. The spectra of phycocyanin differ considerably from those obtained by excitation into the UV-absorption band. The results show the usefulness of this method and its wide applicability. In addition, analysis of the relative preresonant scattering cross sections may provide a detailed insight into the scattering mechanism.Resonance Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for selectively studying chromophores in biological systems. By tuning the probing laser beam to the electronic transition of the chromophore(s) within the biological matrix (protein, lipids, etc.), the resonance-enhancement effect increases the scattering from the chromophore by several orders of magnitude. Thus, the spectrum contains only bands caused by the chromophore. The technique has contributed considerably to our understanding of the mechanism of retinal proteins and to the investigation of chromophore-protein interaction in proteins containing heme, bilin, chlorophyll, and carotenoid chromophores (1-6). There are only a few, but in some cases severe, drawbacks to this method, which can make its application difficult. Because the probing beam excites the chromophore into a higher electronic state, strong fluorescence may override the weaker spontaneous Raman scattering, making it undetectable against the fluorescence background. In active photobiological systems, the strong probing beam also initiates photoreaction(s), and special techniques must be applied to control the state of the system under investigation. This last point may become especially severe for systems in which the photoreaction is not reversible (i.e., systems that "bleach," such as vertebrate visual pigments) or in which the back-reaction is very slow (such as dark adaptation of bacteriorhodopsin or reversion of phytochrome). By pumping the sample through a capillary jet, the accumulation of the bleached state or of long-lived intermediates can be avoided, but large amounts of material are usually required.For a long time, analyzing the Raman-scattered light by a Fourier-transform (FT) spectrophotometer, or FT-Raman spectroscopy, was thought to have disadvantages as compared with conventional Raman spectroscopy (7-9). However, about 2 years ago, it was realized that by using a near-infrared laser, such as a neodymium-yttrium/aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, as the probing beam, t...

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“…FT-Raman spectroscopy has proved ver-successful in a variety of applications, especially in the study of dyes (9,11) and polymers (12,13). In this paper, we will present some examples of the application of FT-Raman spectroscopy to the study of organometallic complexes, as well as the FT-Raman spectra of two proteins employed in our laboratory in the synthesis of protein-organometallic conjugates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of FT-Raman spectroscopy to the study of selected organometallic complexes and proteins

Barnett¹,

Dicaire²,

Ismail³

1990

Can. J. Chem.

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The study of colored organometallic complexes by dispersive Raman spectroscopy has been limited due to fluorescence or photodecomposition caused by the visible laser used as the excitation source. As a solution to this problem, IT-Raman spectroscopy with a near-infrared laser source has been useful in lowering fluorescence or photolysis in these samples. To investigate the utility of this technique, we have obtained and assigned the FT-Raman spectra of a series of arene chromium tricarbonyl complexes and of cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl. Some bands previously unobserved by dispersive Raman spectroscopy were seen, including a band assigned to a I3CO satellite in the spectrum of methylbenzoate chromium tricarbonyl. In addition, FT-Raman data for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Protein-A are presented.

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Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy of Long-Chain Molecules Containing Strongly Absorbing Chromophores

Cited by 92 publications

References 21 publications

Soil Chemical Insights Provided through Vibrational Spectroscopy

Soil Chemical Insights Provided through Vibrational Spectroscopy

Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy applied to photobiological systems.

Application of FT-Raman spectroscopy to the study of selected organometallic complexes and proteins

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