Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy study of polymorphism in propylene-co-1-pentene copolymers: Trigonal form identification

Arranz-Andrés, Javier; Orden, M.U. de la; Urreaga, Joaquín Martínez; Gómez‐Elvira, José M.; Pérez, Ernesto; Cerrada, María L.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.12.016

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The subsequent rise is more evident in the slowly cooled samples than in the Q ones. This trend has been already observed in the iPPe copolymers slowly crystallized [35], as shown in Figure S1. The fact that T14 presents higher crystallinity values than the T10 series will be of considerable importance, as will be discussed below, for understanding dependences of several viscoelastic and mechanical magnitudes with respect to total comonomer composition.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Two distinct trends were observed: a fast variation up to almost 10 mol % of comonomer for copolymers crystallizing in the α form; and a second one, with a much smaller influence, in the copolymers with higher concentration of comonomer, i.e., those crystallizing in the trigonal form. Dependence of crystallinity on composition was somewhat different in other slowly cooled copolymers of propylene-1-pentene [35] (data also depicted in Figure S1) where the presence of a minimum value is observed at contents around 8-10 mol %, i.e., between the two aforementioned regimes. The existence of a minimum was also described for fast crystallized propylene-1-pentene-1-heptene terpolymers [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Influence of polymorphism and the new trigonal modification on the mechanical response of isotactic poly(propylene-co-1-pentene-co-1-hexene) terpolymers

García‐Peñas

Gómez‐Elvira

Lorenzo

et al. 2017

European Polymer Journal

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The mechanical response and crystalline structure have been analyzed in several propylene-co-1-pentene-co-1-hexene terpolymers. Different polymorphs are developed in these terpolymers depending on global comonomer content, 1-pentene:1-hexene ratio and thermal history. The trigonal δ crystal modification is observed in addition to monoclinic and orthorhombic crystallites and mesomorphic entities. For the terpolymers with higher comonomers contents, the mesophase and even the totally amorphous samples can be readily obtained at easily accessible cooling rates. Intensity and location of relaxation processes, values for storage and indentation modulus and hardness as well are found to be related to the type of crystallites and to the crystallinity. The variation of crystallinity upon the comonomer content is rather unusual when trigonal lattice is able to be developed if compared with that exhibited by other copolymers/terpolymers based on propylene. Because of the important effect of this variable on mechanical response and mobility within amorphous regions, relationships found in other mechanical parameters and in the relaxation associated with glass transition (location and intensity) are also uncommon. The presence of trigonal polymorph exerts a key role in those atypical dependences.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Influence of polymorphism and the new trigonal modification on the mechanical response of isotactic poly(propylene-co-1-pentene-co-1-hexene) terpolymers

García‐Peñas

Gómez‐Elvira

Lorenzo

et al. 2017

European Polymer Journal

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“…Thus, the total crystallinity has been obtained for these terpolymers following the procedure described before for poly(propylene-co-1-pentene) 33 and poly(propylene-co-1-heptene) 19 copolymers. Once the different amorphous halos at room temperature are determined, their subtraction from the actual profile at a specific content in comonomers allows estimating the degree of crystallinity 19,32,34 . The deconvolution into the distinct characteristic reflections permits estimation of the amount of each polymorph.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(propylene-co-1-pentene-co-1-heptene) terpolymers: Mechanical and rheological behavior

García‐Peñas

Gómez‐Elvira

Lorenzo

et al. 2018

Polymer

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This work describes the important effects of microstructural features on crystalline structure, mechanical behavior and molten state response for poly(propylene-co-1pentene-co-1-heptene) terpolymers. The study was carried out in a wide range of compositions, varying the 1-pentene/1-heptene ratio and the thermal history applied.Molecular features, as propylene sequences and compositional triads, allow predicting the material behavior. Moreover, rheological response has demonstrated the influence of molecular weight, comonomer content and short-chain branches on the properties. The flow activation energy can justify the importance of the material density over the whole spectrum of properties.

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“…The results in the carbonyl region (plus those associated with the band at 1460 cm –1 taken as reference) are displayed in Figure for some selected samples (with and without additives). The band at 1460 cm –1 is ascribed to the asymmetric deformation vibration of the methylene group, as an internal standard. , …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Additives in Polypropylene and Their Degradation under Solar Exposure Studied by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2020

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Additives are absolutely essential in the development of commercial polymeric materials. Accordingly, an exhaustive control of composition and evolution in these additives over time is necessary to validate their performance and safety during their shelf life and, consequently, their ultimate applications. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, GC–MS, is described in the present work to identify and analyze the content of a wide variety of additives, commonly used in industrial polymeric materials. First, the identification under the present experimental protocol of additives with a relatively high molecular weight (Irganox 1330 and Irganox 1010) has been successfully attained. Second, the evolution under solar exposure over time has been analyzed by GC–MS for 11 additives and derived substances, which have been identified in a commercial polypropylene sample, estimating the corresponding depletion times. In addition, the resultant increase of carbonyl groups in the polymeric macrochains along the photo-oxidation has been also determined by infrared spectroscopy. Therefore, GC–MS is found to be a reliable tool for the analysis of the evolution of commonly used polymer additives under specific degradation conditions, which can be very useful in the formulation of improved future additivations.

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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy study of polymorphism in propylene-co-1-pentene copolymers: Trigonal form identification

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Influence of polymorphism and the new trigonal modification on the mechanical response of isotactic poly(propylene-co-1-pentene-co-1-hexene) terpolymers

Influence of polymorphism and the new trigonal modification on the mechanical response of isotactic poly(propylene-co-1-pentene-co-1-hexene) terpolymers

Poly(propylene-co-1-pentene-co-1-heptene) terpolymers: Mechanical and rheological behavior

Identification of Additives in Polypropylene and Their Degradation under Solar Exposure Studied by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

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