Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Oral Cancer Diagnosis

Abstract

Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite easy access to the oral cavity and significant advances in treatment, the morbidity and mortality rates for oral cancer patients are still very high, mainly due to late-stage diagnosis when treatment is less successful. Oral cancer has also been found to be the most expensive cancer to treat in the United States. Early diagnosis of oral cancer can significantly improve patient survival rate and reduce medical costs. There is an urgent unmet need for an accurate and sensitive molecular-based diagnostic tool for early oral cancer detection. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has gained increasing attention in cancer research due to its ability to elucidate qualitative and quantitative information of biochemical content and molecular-level structural changes in complex biological systems. The diagnosis of a disease is based on biochemical changes underlying the disease pathology rather than morphological changes of the tissue. It is a versatile method that can work with tissues, cells, or body fluids. In this review article, we aim to summarize the studies of infrared spectroscopy in oral cancer research and detection. It provides early evidence to support the potential application of infrared spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions. The challenges and opportunities in clinical translation are also discussed.

miR-375-NAT10 Axis Dysfunction Promotes Oral Cancer Development and Mediates Cdk7 Stabilizing and Cell Cycle Progression

“…Oral squamous cell carcinoma arises from the oral cavity, which includes hard and soft plate, tongue, oor of mouth, buccal mucosa and alveolar rim, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx of head and neck 39,40 . It is one of the six most common cancers in the world.…”

Comprehensive Evaluation of PAXgene Fixation on Oral Cancer Tissues Using Routine Histology, Immunohistochemistry, and FTIR Microspectroscopy

“…FTIR spectra provide an overall estimation of the biochemical content inside tissues and can be analyzed to differentiate between disease states [12]. However, it has become apparent that methods for tissue preservation can affect or change the biochemical spectra and may lead to a false interpretation of the data [12,14,15]. We have assessed the bio-fingerprint region (900-1700 cm −1 ) to compare the effects of formalin and PAXgene tissue fixation on the spectral signatures of various bio-components in NOM and OSCC.…”

“…We have assessed the bio-fingerprint region (900-1700 cm −1 ) to compare the effects of formalin and PAXgene tissue fixation on the spectral signatures of various bio-components in NOM and OSCC. Figure 5 represents the average spectra from each group of samples analyzed, and Table 5 depicts the band assignment [12,15] of the analyzed spectral peaks (N spectra = 100, PFPE-NOM and FFPE-NOM; N spectra = 150, PFPE-OSCC and FFPE-OSCC) for the bio-fingerprint region of each tissue sample group. In PFPE-OSCC tissues, p53 immuno-expression (D,E) was found in epithelial islands and CK5/6 (J,K) immuno-expression was found in epithelial islands and keratin pearls, and the immunostaining and localization of both proteins were comparable to FFPE-OSCC tissues (C,F,I,K) (corresponding integrated density value plot (N,P) for G-I and J-L, respectively).…”

“…We have assessed the biofingerprint region (900-1700 cm −1 ) to compare the effects of formalin and PAXgene tissue fixation on the spectral signatures of various bio-components in NOM and OSCC. Figure 5 represents the average spectra from each group of samples analyzed, and Table 5 depicts the band assignment [12,15] of the analyzed spectral peaks (N spectra = 100, PFPE-NOM and FFPE-NOM; N spectra = 150, PFPE-OSCC and FFPE-OSCC) for the bio-fingerprint region of each tissue sample group. were subjected to primary antibody (p53 or CK5/6) incubation with a prior antigen retrieval step (A,D,G,J) and without an antigen retrieval step (B,E,H,K).…”

Probing the Anti-Cancer Potency of Sulfated Galactans on Cholangiocarcinoma Cells Using Synchrotron FTIR Microspectroscopy, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Studies

“…Synchrotron radiation-based FTIR microspectroscopy (SR-FTIR-MS) is an excellent methodology that combines synchrotron radiation and microspectroscopy and has been applied in modern biological research for studying molecular reactions in cells. The assessment of cell functionality analysis was analyzed based on the vibrational transition of chemical bonding that reacted with an infrared in individual living cells or tissue sections [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The FTIR spectra for the study of the biological material comprise the range between 3000–800 cm −1 .…”