Fourier-Transform Infrared Proxies for Oil Source and Maturity: Insights from the Early Permian Alkaline Lacustrine System, Junggar Basin (NW China)

Zhang, Jingkun; Cao, Jian; Xiang, Baoli; Zhou, Ni; Ma, Wanyun; Li, Erting

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02586

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Recent exploration and exploitation indicate that the conglomerate reservoir of the Lower-Wuerhe Formation is now a field of exploration (Tao et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019). The main pore type in the conglomerate reservoir of the Lower-Wuerhe Formation in the Mahu Sag is primary intergranular pores, but dissolution pores such as inter-particle and intergranular dissolution pores are also developed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of diagenetic zeolites and their impact on reservoir formation in the Middle Permian Lower-Wuerhe Formation of the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, Northwest China

Wang

Zhou

Jin

et al. 2020

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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Zeolites are important diagenetic minerals in petroleum reservoirs and have complex impacts on reservoir quality. To highlight this critical and challenging issue, we conduct a case study in the Middle Permian Lower-Wuerhe Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, China. Formation mechanism of zeolites and their impacts on the reservoir quality. Our results show that there are five types of zeolite minerals (i.e. laumontite, heulandite, analcime, stilbite, and clinoptilolite) in the Lower-Wuerhe Formation reservoir, with laumontite and heulandite being the main types. Petrographic and geochemical data suggested that laumontites developed in the Lower-Wuerhe Formation were mainly precipitated from pore water, whereas heulandites were formed associated with alteration of volcanic materials. In addition, the distribution of different type of zeolite minerals is generally controlled by sedimentary facies. The heulandite–laumontite zone developed mainly in the front of fan-delta plain, and the laumontite zone developed mainly in fan-delta front. The distal part of fan-delta front is dominated by albite. The zeolite mineral assemblages are generally controlled by geochemical composition of volcanic lithic fragments. The high content of intermediate-basic volcanic lithic fragments in the eastern Mahu Slope sediments is responsible for authigenic minerals such as heulandite, chlorite, and laumontite. However, the content of intermediate-basic volcanic lithic fragments in the western Mahu Slope sediments is low which results in the cement in this region is dominated by laumontite and mixed-layer illite/smectite. In general, conglomerates deposited in fan-delta front are favorable for the formation of early laumontite and late dissolution of laumontite due to resistance to compaction by coarse fraction and accumulation of acidic fluids in structural highs, which resulted in the formation of a high-quality reservoir. Our results have general implications for hydrocarbon exploration of the zeolite-bearing conglomerate reservoirs in non-marine petroliferous basins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of diagenetic zeolites and their impact on reservoir formation in the Middle Permian Lower-Wuerhe Formation of the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, Northwest China

Wang

Zhou

Jin

et al. 2020

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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“…Several studies had demonstrated the capability of FTIR spectroscopy and microscopy for the identification of clay minerals in reservoir rocks, non-destructive and express analysis of the chemical structure, and distribution of organic matter in rocks, including the study of kerogen composition and its maturity in organic-rich shales for guiding regional oil exploration [55][56][57].…”

Section: Ftir In Hydrocarbon Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicator Minerals, Pathfinder Elements, and Portable Analytical Instruments in Mineral Exploration Studies

Balaram

Sawant

2022

Minerals

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Until recently, the classic approach to mineral exploration studies was to bring the field samples/drill cores collected during field studies to the laboratory, followed by laborious analysis procedures to generate the analytical data. This is very expensive, time-consuming, and difficult for exploring vast areas. However, rapid technological advances in field-portable analytical instruments, such as portable visible and near-infrared spectrophotometers, gamma-ray spectrometer, pXRF, pXRD, pLIBS, and µRaman spectrometer, have changed this scenario completely and increased their on-site applications in mineral exploration studies. LED fluorimeter is a potential portable tool in the hydrogeochemical prospecting studies of uranium. These instruments are currently providing direct, rapid, on-site, real-time, non-destructive, cost-effective identification, and determination of target elements, indicator minerals and pathfinder elements in rock, ore, soil, sediment, and water samples. These portable analytical instruments are currently helping to obtain accurate chemical and mineralogical information directly in the field with minimal or no sample preparation and providing decision-making support during fieldwork, as well as during drilling operations in several successful mineral exploration programs. In this article, the developments in these portable devices, and their contributions in the platinum group elements (PGE), rare earth elements (REE), gold, base metals, and lithium exploration studies both on land and on the ocean bed, have been summarized with examples.

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“…Exploration and exploitation of tight oil are becoming increasingly important in the petroleum industry [1][2][3]. According to the macro-sedimentary environment of deposition, tight oil can be divided into marine and lacustrine facies [4,5]. Marine facies tight oil is important in North America and typically includes the Bakken and Eagle Ford resources [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate Statistical Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneity of Lacustrine Tight Oil Accumulation in the Middle Permian Jimusar Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China

et al. 2020

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Tight oil and gas accumulation commonly has heterogeneities within the reservoir formation. This heterogeneity, however, is hard to investigate by conventional geological and (organic) geochemical tools and thus is critical and challenging to study. Here, we attempted multivariate statistical analysis to reveal the heterogeneity based on a case study in the lacustrine tight oil accumulation in the middle Permian Lucaogou Formation of the Jimusar sag, Junggar Basin, NW China. Clustering heat maps and multi-dimensional scaling analysis revealed the heterogeneity of tight oil accumulation. The heterogeneity is reflected by the complex relationship between the two reservoir sweet spots as well as the oil migration and accumulation vertically and spatially, rather than the previous thoughts that it is a closed system associated with proximal hydrocarbon accumulation patterns. Multiple biomarkers show that the source rocks and reservoirs have similar characteristics in the lower part of the formation, reflecting a proximal hydrocarbon accumulation pattern in the lower sweet spot (near-source accumulation, abbreviated as NA). This represents a relatively closed system. However, the upper sweet spot and the middle section mudstone sequence intervening the two sweet spots are not a completely closed system in a strict sense. These sequences can be divided into three tight oil segments, i.e., lower, middle, and upper from deep to shallow. The lower segment is sited in the lower part of the middle section mudstone sequence. The middle segment is composed of the upper part of the middle section mudstone sequence and the lower part of the upper sweet spot. The upper segment is composed of the upper part of the upper sweet spot and the overlying upper Permian Wutonggou Formation reservoirs. Oils generated in the lower segment migrated vertically to upper sweet spot reservoirs through faults/fractures, and laterally to distal reservoirs. Oils generated in the middle segment were preserved in reservoirs of the upper sweet spot. Oils in the upper segment require accumulation by vertical and lateral migration through faults/fractures. As such, the tight oil accumulation is complex in the Lucaogou Formation. From base to top, the accumulation mechanisms in the Lucaogou Formation were NA, VLMA (vertical and lateral migration and accumulation), NA and VLMA, thereby showing strong heterogeneities. Our data suggest that these processes might be typical of tight oil accumulations universally, and are important for future exploration and exploitation in the region to consider the heterogeneities rather than a closed system. The multivariate statistical analysis is an effective tool for investigating complex oilsource correlations and accumulation in petroleum basins.

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Fourier-Transform Infrared Proxies for Oil Source and Maturity: Insights from the Early Permian Alkaline Lacustrine System, Junggar Basin (NW China)

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

Genesis of diagenetic zeolites and their impact on reservoir formation in the Middle Permian Lower-Wuerhe Formation of the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, Northwest China

Genesis of diagenetic zeolites and their impact on reservoir formation in the Middle Permian Lower-Wuerhe Formation of the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, Northwest China

Indicator Minerals, Pathfinder Elements, and Portable Analytical Instruments in Mineral Exploration Studies

Multivariate Statistical Analysis Reveals the Heterogeneity of Lacustrine Tight Oil Accumulation in the Middle Permian Jimusar Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China

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