“…In this way, FTIR microspectroscopy provides detailed information on several biological processes in situ, among which stem cell differentiation [1][2][3][4][5], somatic cell reprogramming [6], cell maturation [7,8], amyloid aggregation [9][10][11][12] and cancer onset and progression [13][14][15], making it possible to disclose the infrared response not only from single cells, but also from subcellular compartments [8,16,17].…”
“…In this way, FTIR microspectroscopy provides detailed information on several biological processes in situ, among which stem cell differentiation [1][2][3][4][5], somatic cell reprogramming [6], cell maturation [7,8], amyloid aggregation [9][10][11][12] and cancer onset and progression [13][14][15], making it possible to disclose the infrared response not only from single cells, but also from subcellular compartments [8,16,17].…”
“…According to the amide I band profile (Figure E and Figure ), coated mESCs exhibit the higher protein content with changing secondary protein structures. The amide I band components are the most prominent vibrational bands of the protein backbone and corresponds to the secondary structures of the proteins . The results of this study clearly showed that conformation of proteins is influenced by the acellular microenvironment.…”
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are promising research materials to investigate cell fate determination since they have the capability to differentiate. Stem cell differentiation has been extensively studied with various microenvironment mimicking structures to modify cellular dynamics associated with the cell‐extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and cell‐cell communications. In the current study, our aim was to determine the effect of microenvironmental proteins with different concentrations on the capacity and differentiation capability of mouse ESCs (mESCs), combining the biochemical assays, imaging techniques, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and unsupervised multivariate analysis. Based on our data, coating the surface of mESCs with Matrigel, used as an acellular matrix substrate, resulted in morphological and biochemical changes. mESCs exhibited alterations in their phenotype after growing on the Matrigel‐coated surfaces, including their differentiation capacity, cell cycle phase pattern, membrane fluidity, and metabolic activities. In conclusion, mESCs can be stimulated physiologically, chemically, or mechanically to convert them a new phenotype. Thus, identification of ESCs’ behavior in the acellular microenvironment could be vital to elucidate the mechanism of diseases. It might also be promising to control the cell fate in the field of tissue engineering.
“…The first peak related to amide I was at 1680–1630 cm −1 and the second peak was nearly at 1570–1510 cm −1 . Thus, two independent peaks were formed, the former by the stretching vibration of the C=O from amide I and the lateral by the stretching vibration of C–N and the deformation vibration of N–H from amide II [29, 40]. Fig.…”
Background
An effective and expeditious approach to assess plant nitrogen status is urgently needed in rice production and management as the conventional chemical methods are laborious and time-consuming.
Results
Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) was used to record the spectra of rice leaves for the effective diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition status. The band in the wavenumber range of 1680 to 1630 cm
−1
was associated with amide I and that from 1570 to 1510 cm
−1
with amide II. We attempted to use this information to characterize the nitrogen status in rice plants at different growth stages. The ratio of photoacoustic intensity of amide II to amide I was measured and applied as nitrogen status index, and considering the yields, the ratio showed a positive linear correlation (R
2
= 0.9) with the total nitrogen of rice leaves. The ratio at the tillering and full panicle stages were more suitable for diagnosis, a ratio of 0.4–0.55 indicated an adequate nitrogen status, ratios lower than 0.4 indicated a poor nitrogen status; whereas ratios greater than 0.55 indicated excessive nitrogen supply.
Conclusion
Our study provides an effective and rapid strategy for nitrogen-supply assessment in rice based on FTIR-PAS, which can guide rational fertilization in rice production.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s13007-019-0482-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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