Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Study of Biofilms Formed by the Rhizobacterium Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245: Aspects of Methodology and Matrix Composition

Abstract

Biofilms represent the main mode of existence of bacteria and play very significant roles in many industrial, medical and agricultural fields. Analysis of biofilms is a challenging task owing to their sophisticated composition, heterogeneity and variability. In this study, biofilms formed by the rhizobacterium Azospirillum baldaniorum (strain Sp245), isolated biofilm matrix and its macrocomponents have for the first time been studied in detail, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, with a special emphasis on the methodology. The accompanying novel data of comparative chemical analyses of the biofilm matrix, its fractions and lipopolysaccharide isolated from the outer membrane of the cells of this strain, as well as their electrophoretic analyses (SDS-PAGE) have been found to be in good agreement with the FTIR spectroscopic results.

Applications of Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy in microbial cell biology and environmental microbiology: advances, challenges, and future perspectives

“…The use of Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has proven to be a valuable and versatile approach in monitoring bacterial (Bosch et al, 2006;Elzinga et al, 2012;Quilès et al, 2016;Tugarova et al, 2017;Singhalage et al, 2018;Cheeseman et al, 2021;Kamnev et al, 2023), fungal (Singhalage et al, 2018;Cheeseman et al, 2021;Dimopoulou et al, 2021), algal (Tong and Derek, 2021;Wang et al, 2021) and microbial community (Schmitt and Flemming, 1998;Oberbeckmann et al, 2014;Gong et al, 2019;Miao et al, 2019) biofilms (Table 6). As an analytical tool, the attenuated total reflection (ATR) offers a further possibility to directly investigate the chemical composition of smooth surfaces of various materials (Smith, 1998;Elzinga et al, 2012;Cheeseman et al, 2021;Tong and Derek, 2021;Watanabe et al, 2023).…”

“…FTIR spectroscopy has been a valuable tool in various biological studies across different scientific areas. In the field of microbiology, it has significantly aided in the rapid and accurate identification of microorganisms (Helm et al, 1991;Wenning and Scherer, 2013;Corte et al, 2014;Câmara et al, 2020;Feng et al, 2020;Brito and Lourenço, 2021;Smirnova et al, 2022;Kamnev et al, 2023;Tata et al, 2023;Tessaro et al, 2023), contributing to timely infection diagnosis and the implementation of appropriate treatment methods. This technique has also allowed for in-depth analyses of microbial structures, metabolic activities, and responses to environmental changes, leading to a better understanding of microbial physiology and behavior (Corte et al, 2014;Câmara et al, 2020;Smirnova et al, 2022;Tessaro et al, 2023).…”

“…This technique has also allowed for in-depth analyses of microbial structures, metabolic activities, and responses to environmental changes, leading to a better understanding of microbial physiology and behavior (Corte et al, 2014;Câmara et al, 2020;Smirnova et al, 2022;Tessaro et al, 2023). Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy has played a crucial role in monitoring and evaluating the dynamics of microbial communities in different environments (Kamnev et al, 2023;Marques et al, 2023). This has contributed to the management of water quality, assessment of ecosystem health, and the detection of microbial pollution.…”

Development of super nanoantimicrobials combining AgCl, tetracycline and benzalkonium chloride

“…After approximately 4 h, the amount of EPS and amide II appeared to be reduced, increasing the surface coverage; therefore, the unoccupied areas of the waveguide surface could be considered negligible. The level of nucleic acid/amide III band remained almost constant after first 2 h, suggesting that amide bond in membrane proteins and fatty acid chains gave rise to prominent bands [ 50 ]. Accordingly, fewer nucleic acids were synthesized compared to lipopolysaccharides during the attachment of bacteria for 24 h. Despite this, the nucleic acid content started to slightly increase after 12 h.

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Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aggregatimonas sangjinii F202Z8T and Their Biological Characterization

“…The high absorption peak at 3210 cm −1 was attributed to the O-H hydroxyl group of the carboxylic acid, which in turn was attributed to the N-H group of the amides [41]. The absorption peak at 2959 cm −1 was attributed to C-H stretching vibration in the alkyl group, specifically in the methyl group (CH 3 ) [42], and the peak at 2050 cm −1 was attributed to the C=C group of alkenes. The absorption peak at 1623 cm −1 was attributed to the C=O carbonyl group, while the peak at 1517 cm −1 was attributed to the C=N bond of the secondary amide.…”