Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Combustion Gases

Speitel, Louise C.

doi:10.1177/0734904102020005484

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…5A curve a and b for comparison. The direct NO feed to the online FTIR shows two strong stretching peaks (1899.2-1905 cm −1 ), 36 which is the region fixed to monitor removal of NO, behavior of N-O along with moisture peaks (Fig. 5A curve c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synergistic Effect of Mediated Electrochemical Reduction and Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation on NO Removal by Electro-Scrubbing

Muthuraman

Ramu

Ahn

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A combined MER (mediated electrochemical reduction) and MEO (mediated electrochemical oxidation) approach was examined for the first time for the efficient removal of NO by electro-scrubbing. The generation of a mediator (Ni(I) from Ni(II)(CN) 4 2− in 9 M KOH) by electrochemical reduction was identified by the changes in the ORP value and potentiometric titration. The Ni(I) formation found to be 9% (4.3 mM) in 2 h electrolysis, which is decreased to 1.83 mM (4%) during addition of NO demonstrates NO removal occurred. The MER of NO at the cathodic half-cell by electro-scrubbing revealed the formation of NH 3 and N 2 . The reductive removal efficiency of NO was almost 100% up to a gas flow rate of 0.25 g min −1 . At the anodic half-cell, the Co(III) mediator from Co(II)SO 4 in 5 M H 2 SO 4 was generated electrochemically with concomitant conversion of NO to NO 3 − in the solution phase with a removal efficiency of 28%. The combination of MEO and MER with electro-scrubbing demonstrates 97% removal efficiency of NO up to 0.5 g min −1 . The combined removal approach is more suitable for high concentrated NO with energy efficiency of 0. Abundantly generated nitric oxide (NO) gas that includes power plant and steel plant etc., is decomposed by many technologies, such as wet scrubbing, catalytic oxidation, and selective catalytic reduction (SCR).1-3 The reduction of NO leads a combination of cationic intermediates and products, N 2 O, NH 2 OH, N 2 , and NH 3 , in the solution phase. [4][5][6] The reduction products varied depending on the catalyst and experimental conditions: on TiO 2 in the colloid solutions to produce NH 3 ; 4 in heterogeneous catalytic reduction process with NH 3 as the reactant produced N 2 ; 7,8 and N 2 O formed on boron-doped graphene method.9 At the same time, the oxidation of NO leads to the anionic products of NO 2 and NO 3 − . 10,11 Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation at the gas phase produced NO 2 , 12 but solution phase oxidation by ozone and H 2 O 2 produced the NO 3 − product. 1,13 Because of the catalytic reaction, NO is solubilized in an aqueous solution, otherwise it less soluble or insoluble in an aqueous solution.14 Using this approach, many oxidant-15,16 and reductant-17 containing wet-scrubbing processes have been adopted in NO removal. Note that the above methods require a continuous catalyst or reactant feed to make the process sustainable.An electron considered to be a green catalyst and can be feed continuously to regenerate the spent catalyst sustainably. Using this approach, electrogenerated Ce(IV) and Mn(III) mediators have been used to oxidize NOx to NO 3 − in HNO 3 medium. 18,19 In a similar method, electrogenerated Ag(II) with a wet scrubber in the name of 'electro-scrubbing' have used NOx oxidation to NO 2 in a single stage scrubber and NO 3 − in a two stage scrubber column. 20 In the presence of SO 2 in NO oxidation using the electrogenerated Ag(II) mediator in highly concentrated nitric acid have shown NO 2 with 60 to 80% of NO 3 − formation. [21][22][23] Note that unless...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5A. The inbuilt (provided by the MIDAC instrument library) standard gas FTIR spectra for NO 36 and NH 3 shown in Fig. 5A curve a and b for comparison.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Mediated Electrochemical Reduction and Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation on NO Removal by Electro-Scrubbing

Muthuraman

Ramu

Ahn

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hull et al [14] performed comprehensive researches with Purser furnace on flameretarded EVA/metal hydroxide nanocomposites, and on another polymers (PE, PP, PS, PMMA, and EVA) [15]. When the cone calorimeter became a key technique in fire testing methodology FTIR analyses coupled to this calorimeter have been performed by large number of research groups determining the limitations of this method [16][17][18][19][20]. Flame retardant Laser pyrolysis Gas analysis PP EVA FTIR A B S T R A C T In this study a new method (LP-FTIR) was introduced to promote the better understanding of polymer degradation, as well as the effect of flame-retardant additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Polymer degradation studies using laser pyrolysis-FTIR microanalysis

Bodzay

Marosfõi

Igricz

et al. 2009

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Gas chromatographs coupled to different detectors such as FID [3] and the most versatile MS [4] or MS-MS [5] have been widely used whereas liquid chromatographs fitted to UV-VIS [6] detectors are less frequent. Spectroscopic techniques based on the use of near or middle infrared spectra are scarce in the analysis of fire debris and they are focused in the analysis of the pyrolysis products found in the decomposition of materials such as plastics [7,8], wood [9] or paper [10]. This overwhelming use of chromatographic techniques versus the spectroscopic ones is mainly due to the fact that a more detailed description of the different components found in fire debris or pyrolysis samples can be obtained with the former.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire debris analysis by Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics

Gonzalez-Rodriguez

Sissons

Robinson³

2011

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

13A paper reporting the use of Raman Spectroscopy in fire debris analysis is presented. 14 Five polymer based samples, namely carpet (polypropylene), nylon stockings (nylon), 15 foam packaging (polystyrene), CD cases (polystyrene) and DVD cases 16 (polypropylene) were burnt with each one of the following ignitable liquids: petrol, 17 diesel, kerosene and ethanol. Raman shifts were obtained and, in some cases, peaks 18 were identified to correspond to pyrolysis products in the form of alkanes, aromatic or 19 polyaromatic compounds. All pyrolysis peaks were used to produce a Principal 20Component Analysis (PCA) of the burned samples with the different ignitable liquids. 21The change in the Raman spectra made it possible to identify some of the pyrolysis 22 products produced in the combustion and also to identify the different plastic 23 materials in fire debris, even when different fuels have been used and the chemical 24 and structural identity of the plastic has been altered in the fire. 25 26

show abstract

Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Combustion Gases

Cited by 44 publications

References 7 publications

Synergistic Effect of Mediated Electrochemical Reduction and Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation on NO Removal by Electro-Scrubbing

Synergistic Effect of Mediated Electrochemical Reduction and Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation on NO Removal by Electro-Scrubbing

Polymer degradation studies using laser pyrolysis-FTIR microanalysis

Fire debris analysis by Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About