Fourier crystal diffractometry based on refractive optics

Abstract

X-ray refractive lenses are proposed as a Fourier transformer for highresolution X-ray crystal diffraction. By employing refractive lenses the wave transmitted through the object converts into a spatial intensity distribution at its back focal plane according to the Fourier-transform relations. A theoretical consideration of the Fourier-transform technique is presented. Two types of samples were studied in Bragg reflection geometry: a grating made of strips of a thin SiO 2 film on an Si substrate and a grating made by profiling an Si crystal. Fourier patterns recorded at different angles along the rocking curves of the Si 111 Bragg reflection were analysed.

The fractional Fourier transform as a simulation tool for lens-based X-ray microscopy

“…A range of methodologies have been developed: magnified bright-field imaging (Lengeler et al, 1999), Zernike contrast microscopy (Falch et al, 2018), high-resolution microscopy for imaging colloidal aggregates (Bosak et al, 2010) and dark-field microscopy, where orientation and strains of deeply embedded grains or domains are mapped in three dimensions (Simons et al, 2015(Simons et al, , 2016. At the same time, direct space imaging can be complemented by diffraction in the back focal plane (Bosak et al, 2010;Ershov et al, 2013).…”

Focusing of white synchrotron radiation using large-acceptance cylindrical refractive lenses made of single – crystal diamond

“…As to refractive optics, beryllium is currently the number one material for the manufacturing of lenses [1]. Providing a wide range of lens radii and shape, beryllium lenses are widely used for X-ray imaging, microscopy and focusing of monochromatic radiation [2][3][4][5]. However, as it comes to 'front end' optics for operation with white-and pink-beam radiation, limitations of beryllium as a polycrystalline material start to play a significant role.…”

30-lens interferometer for high energy x-rays

“…The advent of the brilliant high coherent X-ray beams produced by 3 rd generation synchrotrons has triggered the rapid development of X-ray refractive optics 1-5 and its applications [6][7][8][9][10][11] . One of the latest directions in the development of refractive optics is in-line X-ray interferometry [12][13][14][15] .…”