Four years monitoring of heat pump, solar thermal and PV system in two net-zero energy multi-family buildings

Dermentzis, Georgios; Ochs, Fabian; Franzoi, Nicola

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103199

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Thus, the updated PHPP calculated an SHD of 12 kWh/(m 2 ·a) which is 9.3 kWh/(m 2 ·a) lower than the monitored SHD for the whole building. The difference between the monitored results and PHPP simulation is mainly because of construction moisture 21,37 and the behaviour of users (an increased use of natural ventilation), which cannot be measured or completely quantified here, since, for example, according to our observations, the doors of unit entrances were often left open rather than closed, although the notice ‘please close the door’ was posted on the doors. In addition, the assumed indoor temperatures of unoccupied apartments and staircases can cause a deviation of SHD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Considering the whole PH building, the SHD was calculated to be 21.3 kWh/(m 2 •a) and the average indoor temperature was calculated to be 21.1°C, which is higher than the updated value in PHPP by 9.3 kWh/(m 2 ·a). In addition, the monitored data in the first year are often on the high side, 21,38 and some uncertain factors will also bring measurement errors to a certain extent such as construction moisture and users’ behaviour. Various lifestyle habits of families and their usage patterns of CD lead to different energy consumption in these apartments.…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peper et al 22 evaluated many PHs in Germany and found that the SHD was around 15 kWh/ (m 2 •a). Dermentzis et al 21 and Mihai et al 23 also proposed that improving the efficiency of electricity consumption and utilizing renewable energy were ways to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. The above analyses have illustrated that during the evaluation of building operating performance certain factors would need to be considered, like the quality of design and construction, users' behaviour and family size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Operational performance evaluation of a Passive house residential building in northern China based on long-term monitoring in winter

Han

Liu²,

Feist

et al. 2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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Passive houses, called nearly zero energy buildings in China, are developing rapidly. These constructions in China are mainly located in cold climate zones. Due to highly efficient energy-saving technology, Passive houses can decrease space heating demand (SHD) by 70%–90% compared to local conventional buildings. However, this energy-saving rate is still a theoretical result and needs to be verified by real data. There is a lack of studies evaluating the performance of residential Passive houses through monitored data in China. This article selects a newly built multi-storey residential Passive house building in Qingdao to accurately quantify its energy performance. Through energy consumption monitoring throughout winter, the average SHD of this building at an occupancy rate of 47% was found to be 28 kWh/(m2·a) and the primary energy consumption was 96.7 kWh/(m2·a), while maintaining a high level of indoor comfort. Compared with local conventional Green Buildings, the SHD of the case building was reduced by 86.3% and the total energy consumption was reduced by 69.2%. The results demonstrate that Passive houses have a great energy-saving potential and provide evidence supporting the use of Passive houses as an option for sustainable building in northern China.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Operational performance evaluation of a Passive house residential building in northern China based on long-term monitoring in winter

Han

Liu²,

Feist

et al. 2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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“…The solution of the applied hybrid system of the PV system and the heat pump in the winter period was tested in Poland (Chwieduk & Chwieduk 2021), in Austria (Schreurs et al 2021), the technical conditions of the best heat pump and the economics of these solutions were analysed. Similarly, in the case of work (Dermentzis et al 2021), such solutions were studied in two multi-family buildings. However, regarding single-family houses (Patsch & Pilát 2018) tested the operation of a micro-cogeneration unit with high-temperature fuel cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of the Heat Pump and Photovoltaic Systems Installed in the Single-family House

Dębska,

Honus,

Dąbek

et al. 2024

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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Renewable energy sources are increasingly common in Poland, and a growing number of single-family houses are now equipped with such systems. The article presents the study of the performance of the heat pump and the photovoltaic system installed in a house in the Swietokrzyskie Province near the city of Kielce. The data related to thermal and electrical energy generation throughout three years has been analysed with a focus on the advantages offered by such systems in the climate conditions of Central Poland. It turned out that 2022 was the best year for electricity production because it exceeded the value of 8000 kWh, and in the winter period from November to February, energy production balances at 200-300 kWh, which proves the high efficiency of panels for electricity production even in unfavourable climatic conditions. The heat pump generates the smallest energy production to heat the house in the summer, while in the winter, this production increases intensively due to the heating season in Poland. These are values from 1500 kWh to values above 3000 kWh. Similarly, in the case of domestic hot water, these values are higher in winter than in summer. Additionally, the work includes electricity consumption before and after the installation of renewable energy sources. Simplified economic analysis has also been presented in the paper. The simple payback period is estimated at approximately 9 years.

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“…They also demonstrated that the electricity generated by the PV/T modules during certain periods exceeded the system's power consumption, making it possible to achieve a fully zero-energy building [21]. Dementzis et al [22] monitored a 16 kWp solar panel and a 74 m 2 solar collector, along with a 58 kW heat pump, for four years. They found that the PV system generated 6% more electrical energy than the heat pump consumed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Energy Self-Sufficiency in a Dormitory Building: An Experimental Analysis of a PV–AWHP-ERV Integrated System

Yang,

Kang,

Ahn

2024

Buildings

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In this study, we investigated the performance of air-to-water heat pump (AWHP) and energy recovery ventilator (ERV) systems combined with photovoltaics (PV) to achieve the energy independence of a dormitory building and conducted an analysis of the energy independence rate and economic feasibility by using energy storage devices. Our data were collected for 5 months from July to November, and the building energy load, energy consumption, and system performance were derived by measuring the PV power generation, purchase, sales volume, AWHP inlet and outlet water temperature, and ERV outdoor, supply, and exhaust temperature. When analyzing representative days, the PV–AWHP integrated system achieved an energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 4.49 and a coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.27. Even when the generated electrical energy exceeds 100% of the electricity consumption, the energy self-sufficiency rate remains at 24% due to the imbalance between energy consumption and production. The monthly average energy self-sufficiency rate changed significantly during the measurement period, from 20.27% in November to 57.95% in September, highlighting the importance of energy storage for self-reliance. When using a 4 kWp solar power system and 4 kWh and 8 kWh batteries, the annual energy self-sufficiency rate would increase to 67.43% and 86.98%, respectively, and our economic analysis showed it would take 16.5 years and more than 20 years, respectively, to become profitable compared to the operation of an AWHP system alone.

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Four years monitoring of heat pump, solar thermal and PV system in two net-zero energy multi-family buildings

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Operational performance evaluation of a Passive house residential building in northern China based on long-term monitoring in winter

Operational performance evaluation of a Passive house residential building in northern China based on long-term monitoring in winter

Performance of the Heat Pump and Photovoltaic Systems Installed in the Single-family House

Achieving Energy Self-Sufficiency in a Dormitory Building: An Experimental Analysis of a PV–AWHP-ERV Integrated System

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