Four years' entomological study of the transmission of seasonal malaria in Senegal and the bionomics of Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis

Fontenille, Didier; Lochouarn, Laurence; Diatta, Mathurin; Sokhna, Cheikh; Dia, Ibrahima; Diagne, Nafissatou; Lemasson, Jean-Jacques; Bâ, Khalilou; Tall, Adama; Rogier, Christophe; Trape, Jean‐François

doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90506-x

Cited by 109 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…funestus population. 3,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] The longevity of An. funestus is particularly important because a higher proportion of malarial parasites can successfully develop and, combined with frequent exposure to infections still present in the local human population, can continue transmission into the wet season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat Partitioning of Malaria Vectors in Nchelenge District, Zambia

Das

Muleba

Stevenson

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Nchelenge District in Luapula Province, northern Zambia, experiences holoendemic malaria despite implementation of vector control programs. The major Anopheles vectors that contribute to Plasmodium falciparum transmission in this area had not previously been well defined. Three collections performed during the 2012 wet and dry seasons and the 2013 wet season revealed Anopheles funestus sensu stricto and Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto as the main vectors, where 80-85% of each collection was composed of An. funestus. Both vectors were found to be highly anthropophilic, and An. funestus has higher sporozoite infection rates (SIRs) and entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) year-round compared with An. gambiae: SIRs of 1.8-3.0% and 0-2.5%, respectively, and EIRs of 3.7-41.5 infectious bites per 6-month period (ib/p/6mo) and 0-5.9 ib/p/6mo, respectively. Spatial and temporal changes in each vector's dynamics and bionomics were also observed. Anopheles funestus was the predominant vector in the villages near Kenani Stream in both wet and dry seasons, whereas An. gambiae was found to be the main vector in areas near Lake Mweru during the wet season. The vector data illustrate the need for broader temporal and spatial sampling in Nchelenge and present unique opportunities to further our understanding of malarial transmission and implications for malarial control in high-risk areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat Partitioning of Malaria Vectors in Nchelenge District, Zambia

Das

Muleba

Stevenson

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] This species is the primary malaria vector in large regions of southern Zambia. 8 Unlike its sibling species An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Multiple Blood Meals Taken in a Single Gonotrophic Cycle by Anopheles arabiensis Mosquitoes in Macha, Zambia

Norris¹,

Fornadel

Hung

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Anopheles arabiensis is a major vector of Plasmodium falciparum in southern Zambia. This study aimed to determine the rate of multiple human blood meals taken by An. arabiensis to more accurately estimate entomologic inoculation rates (EIRs). Mosquitoes were collected in four village areas over two seasons. DNA from human blood meals was extracted and amplified at four microsatellite loci. Using the three-allele method, which counts ≥ 3 alleles at any microsatellite locus as a multiple blood meal, we determined that the overall frequency of multiple blood meals was 18.9%, which was higher than rates reported for An. gambiae in Kenya and An. funestus in Tanzania. Computer simulations showed that the three-allele method underestimates the true multiple blood meal proportion by 3–5%. Although P. falciparum infection status was not shown to influence the frequency of multiple blood feeding, the high multiple feeding rate found in this study increased predicted malaria risk by increasing EIR.

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“…Other studies in this region of West Africa have found that A. funestus and A. arabiensis may also be important vector species at different times in nearby Senegal ( Fontenille et al , 1997a; Fontenille et al , 1997b). A. arabiensis was not collected in our study while a small number (N<10) of A. funestus were observed but not collected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…malariae , and to a lesser extent P . ovale , have been recorded but appear to be rare and highly variable in both Guinea-Bissau ( Snounou et al , 1993) and neighboring Senegal ( Fontenille et al , 1997a; Fontenille et al 1997b). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium falciparum infection rates for some Anopheles spp. from Guinea-Bissau, West Africa

et al. 2014

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Presence of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a sample of Anopheles gambiae s.s., A. melas and A. pharoensis collected in Guinea-Bissau during October and November 2009. The percentage of P. falciparum infected samples (10.2% overall) was comparable to earlier studies from other sites in Guinea-Bissau (9.6-12.4%). The majority of the specimens collected were identified as A. gambiae which had an individual infection rate of 12.6 % across collection sites. A small number of specimens of A. coluzzii, A. coluzzii x A. gambiae hybrids, A. melas and A. pharoensis were collected and had infection rates of 4.3%, 4.1%, 11.1% and 33.3% respectively. Despite being present in low numbers in indoor collections, the exophilic feeding behaviors of A. melas (N=18) and A. pharoensis (N=6) and high infection rates observed in this survey suggest falciparum-malaria transmission potential outside of the protection of bed nets.

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Four years' entomological study of the transmission of seasonal malaria in Senegal and the bionomics of Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis

Cited by 109 publications

References 25 publications

Habitat Partitioning of Malaria Vectors in Nchelenge District, Zambia

Habitat Partitioning of Malaria Vectors in Nchelenge District, Zambia

Frequency of Multiple Blood Meals Taken in a Single Gonotrophic Cycle by Anopheles arabiensis Mosquitoes in Macha, Zambia

Plasmodium falciparum infection rates for some Anopheles spp. from Guinea-Bissau, West Africa

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