Four‐week inhalation exposures of rats to aerosols of three lubricant base oils

Dalbey, W.; Osimitz, T G; Kommineni, Choudari; Roy, Timothy A.; Feuston, Maureen H.; Yang, Jianbo

doi:10.1002/jat.2550110412

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…64742-54-7), solvent extracted, catalytically dewaxed heavy paraffinic oil or severely hydrotreated and acid-washed white oil at concentrations of 20, 200, and 1000 mg/m 3 . No significant changes were observed following exposure to each of the three mineral-based oils, except in the lungs and associated lymph nodes, where the main effects were dose dependent accumulations of foamy macrophages in the alveoli, a mild infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and a thickening of the alveolar walls (Dalbey, 1991). Another exposure study performed by the same group, which exposed SD rats to straight MWFs (general cutting oils) at concentrations of 50, 150, and 500 mg/m 3 for 13 weeks, also showed an increase in the lung weights and alveolar foamy macrophages, plus a thickening of the alveolar walls (Dalbey, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of water-soluble metal working fluid aerosols on respiratory system after 13 weeks of repeated inhalation exposure in F344 rats

Lim

Kim

et al. 2005

Toxicol Ind Health

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Three groups of male F344 rats were exposed to a water-soluble metal working fluid (MWF) aerosol at concentrations of 20, 60 or 180 mg/m3 for 6 h/day, five days a week, for 13 weeks in inhalation chambers. The aerosol particles were normally distributed and the mass median aerodynamic diameter was 1.56 microm. Despite the absence of clinical findings or significant changes in body weight during the 13-week exposure period, the numbers of white blood cells and lung weights were significantly higher at the end of the 13-week exposure period. Exposure to 20 mg/m3 of the MWF aerosol was found to have an effect on the respiratory system, including an accumulation of foamy macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and thickening of the alveolar walls in the histopathology. The level of histamine and number of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were also higher in the BAL fluid from the rats exposed to 60 mg/m3 of the MWF aerosol, while the respiratory inflammation was most pronounced in the rats exposed to 180 mg/m3 of the MWF aerosol, including the accumulation of PMNs and foamy macrophages in the BAL cells, lung weight increase and thickening of the alveolar walls. Immunoglobulin IgG2a level was also lower in the sera from the rats exposed to 180 mg/m3 of the MWF aerosol. Therefore, even though no clinical symptoms were observed in the rats exposed to the high MWF concentration, respiratory inflammation was still induced by a relatively low concentration of the MWF, while the immune system was affected by the high MWF concentration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of water-soluble metal working fluid aerosols on respiratory system after 13 weeks of repeated inhalation exposure in F344 rats

Lim

Kim

et al. 2005

Toxicol Ind Health

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“…The MAK Commission evaluated a 4-week study with hydro-treated and acid-washed white oil (60% paraffinic, "no aromatics") (Dalbey et al 1991) and a 13-week study with three highly refined mineral oils (cutting oil, gear oil, engine oil) (Dalbey 2001). Both studies were conducted with SD rats.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Inhalation Toxicity Of Pharmaceutical Whitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral oil in food, cosmetic products, and in products regulated by other legislations

Pirow

Blume

Hellwig

et al. 2019

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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For a few years, mineral oils and their potential adverse health effects have been a constant issue of concern in many regulatory areas such as food, cosmetics, other consumer products, and industrial chemicals. Analytically, two fractions can be distinguished: mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). This paper aims at assessing the bioaccumulative potential and associated histopathological effects of MOSH as well as the carcinogenic potential of MOAH for consumer-relevant mineral oils. It also covers the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of MOSH and MOAH upon oral and dermal exposures. The use and occurrence of consumerrelevant, highly refined mineral oils in food, cosmetics and medicinal products are summarized, and estimates for the exposure of consumers are provided. Also addressed are the challenges in characterizing the substance identity of mineral oil products under REACH. Evidence from more recent autopsy and biopsy studies, along with information on decreasing food contamination levels, indicates a low risk for adverse hepatic lesions that may arise from the retention of MOSH in the liver. With respect to MOAH, at present there is no indication of any carcinogenic effects in animals dermally or orally exposed to highly refined mineral oils and waxes. Such products are used not only in cosmetics but also in medicinal products and as additives in food contact materials. The safety of these mineral oilcontaining products is thus indirectly documented by their prevalent and long-term use, with a simultaneous lack of clinical and epidemiological evidence for adverse health effects.

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“…Eckert and Kandt [5] found morphological alterations only after exposure to very high concentrations of the mineral oil component. In the same way, Dalbey et al [27] demonstrated a minor toxic effect of the base oils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Water-Soluble Cooling Lubricants Induce Airway Hyper- responsiveness in Rabbits

Marek

Mensing²,

Fricke³

et al. 1998

Respiration

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Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to water-soluble cooling lubricants (CL) induced by aerosol administered by tracheal tube was studied in a rabbit model of occupational lung disease. Two commercial CL were examined: the first was of the boric acid amine ester type without biozide (CL-BAE), the second was of the sulfonate type with biozide (CL-SB). 50, 5.0 or 0.5 mg/m³ CL was administered over a period of twice 2 h to six different groups of rabbits. Airway responsiveness (AR) to aerosols of 0.2% and 2.0% acetylcholine solution (ACH) was measured before and after each exposure to CL. A control group A of nine animals not exposed to CL showed no significant respiratory responses following inhalation of 0.2% ACH for 1 min. Conversely, inhalation of 2.0% ACH almost doubled the dynamic elastance (E_dyn) in the ACH challenge test in this animal group. Airway resistance (R_I), E_dyn, slope of inspiratory pressure generation (ΔP_es/t_I), arterial pressure (P_a) and arterial blood gas tensions (P_aO₂, P_aCO₂) were not significantly altered during and after exposures to CL. However, after CL-BAE inhalation of 50 and 5 mg/m³ over 4 h, the amplitude of the ACH-induced airway obstruction indicated by the changes in E_dyn rose significantly to almost five times the control response before exposure (group C, D, p < 0.005). Similar changes in R_I and ΔP_es/t_I were obtained. After inhalation of 0.5 mg/m³ CL-BAE (group D), no significant changes in AR were observed. Similar to CL-BAE inhalation of 50 mg/m³, CL-SB caused enlarged AR in the ACH challenge test (group E), whereas no significant changes were found after exposure to 5.0 and 0.5 mg/m³ in groups F and G. In summary, CL aerosols with and without biozide in the range of 50 and 5 mg/m³ applied via tracheal tubes increased AR to ACH within 4 h of exposure in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. It has to be assumed that this augmented AR indicates an increased risk of developing lubricant-induced obstructive lung diseases.

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Four‐week inhalation exposures of rats to aerosols of three lubricant base oils

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of water-soluble metal working fluid aerosols on respiratory system after 13 weeks of repeated inhalation exposure in F344 rats

Effect of water-soluble metal working fluid aerosols on respiratory system after 13 weeks of repeated inhalation exposure in F344 rats

Mineral oil in food, cosmetic products, and in products regulated by other legislations

Water-Soluble Cooling Lubricants Induce Airway Hyper- responsiveness in Rabbits

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