Four-wave mixing in high-Q tellurium-oxide-coated silicon nitride microring resonators

Abstract

We report the first-time observation, to the best of our knowledge, of four-wave mixing (FWM) in hybrid tellurium oxide coated silicon nitride ring resonators with internal Q factors of 1.7 × 105 to 1.0 × 106. We show oscillation at NIR wavelengths ranging from 1020 nm to 2530 nm under 1590 nm pumping. The FWM process has been investigated for TeO2-coated Si3N4 ring resonators with a 600 µm radius and FWM is observed for threshold launched pump powers as low as 25 mW with normal group velocity dispersion (GVD). With the potential for engineering of the GVD to the anomalous regime, a phase-matched and more efficient FWM process can be realized, which can pave the way for broadband frequency comb generation in this platform. These results suggest further promise of higher performance and lower threshold power nonlinear devices on a low-loss CMOS compatible platform with the possibility of co-integration of active functionalities due to high solubility of rare earth dopants in tellurium oxide.

All-Photonic Artificial Neural Network Processor Via Non-linear Optics

“…The vertical axis is an estimate of the heat dissipation expected in a single ring due to leakage from the pump which encodes the matrix parameters. The top blue line represents a typical Silicon Nitride ring [37] with Γ = 1ns −1 and VFWM = 1300µm. Two near-term evolutions are presented as well, first (in orange) using Silicon-rich material that significantly increases the χ (3) susceptibility, and second (in green) developing higher-Q resonators.…”

“…To summarize, increasing the power of the pumps ( P 2 ) would linearly increase the rate at which computations are performed (χ P 2 ) and linearly increase the power dissipated during the computation (Γ ω P 2 ). For a typical ring resonator today [37], this implies computational speed of 1GHz (1 billion sub-layer matrix multiplications per second) at dissipation from the main pump of 100mW. As seen in Fig.…”

High-Q TeO2–Si Hybrid Microring Resonators

“…One device structure for which propagation loss is particularly critical is the microring resonator (MRR). MRRs provide an efficient cavity which has a compact size, wavelength selectivity, tunability, scalability, and functional versatility [7], making them a prominent candidate for a variety of applications including lasers [8,9], optical sensors [10], nonlinear optics [11,12], quantum optics [13], (de-)multiplexing systems [14], optical filters [15], and optical modulators [16]. The loss in MRRs can be quantified by the cavity Q factor, which is typically limited to values on the order of 10 5 in standard 220 nm-high single-mode silicon MRRs around 1550 nm.…”

Flexible dispersion engineering using polymer patterning in nanophotonic waveguides

“…Although the waveguide geometry can effectively compensate for the material dispersion and offer designable GVD, it loses the flexibility for the waveguide design and trades off the waveguide loss and available waveguide modes. To alleviate this restriction, several works are aimed at engineering the dispersion by cladding thin films onto waveguides with atomic layer deposition (ALD) 9 , sputtering 10 , or thermal evaporation 11 . However, this method globally clads the waveguides and defines the dispersion within the entire photonic chip, which is not suitable for engineering the dispersion of individual devices.…”