Four‐Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Multijunction Solar Modules

Jaysankar, Manoj; Qiu, Weiming; Eerden, Maarten van; Aernouts, Tom; Gehlhaar, Robert; Debucquoy, Maarten; Paetzold, Ulrich W.; Poortmans, Jef

doi:10.1002/aenm.201602807

Cited by 83 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…In recent years, significant advances in lab‐scale multijunction PCE have been reported, abundantly for perovskite‐Si and modestly for perovskite‐CIGS multijunction solar cells . The prospect of scalable high‐efficient perovskite‐Si and perovskite‐CIGS multijunction solar modules holds substantial potential for a disruptive change in the PV market .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward scalable perovskite‐based multijunction solar modules

Jaysankar

Paetel

Ahlswede

et al. 2019

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Perovskite‐based multijunction solar cells can potentially overcome the power conversion efficiency (PCE) limits of established solar cell technologies. The technology combines high‐efficiency perovskite top solar cells with crystalline silicon (c‐Si) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) single‐junction solar cells enabling a more efficient harnessing of solar energy. In this work, we present high‐efficiency and scalable perovskite‐CIGS and perovskite‐Si multijunction solar modules in a four‐terminal configuration. We design the multijunction solar modules for minimal optical losses through careful optical engineering. In addition to optimized light coupling, the solar modules are fabricated in a scalable device design. Starting from lab‐scale cells of 0.13 cm2, we scale up the multijunction devices by two orders of magnitude to 16 cm2 and investigate the various losses affecting the PCE of large‐area multijunction solar modules, thus providing valuable insights into scalability of the technology. The champion perovskite‐CIGS and perovskite‐Si multijunction solar modules exhibit higher PCE than the stand‐alone devices on sizes up 16 cm2, paving the way for high‐effiency perovskite‐based multijunction photovoltaics. This work brings to forth relevant upscaling aspects of perovskite‐based multijunction solar cell technology, which is a key milestone in the road to commercial feasibility of the perovskite‐based multijunction solar cell technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward scalable perovskite‐based multijunction solar modules

Jaysankar

Paetel

Ahlswede

et al. 2019

Progress in Photovoltaics

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“…For thin film tandem cells, different technologies were used focusing on integrating high bandgap solar cells on standard thin film technologies through 2‐terminal, 3‐terminal, or 4‐terminal junctions . Recently, an increasing number of absorber materials with the potential to act as a top higher bandgap cell have been investigated . Perovskites have demonstrated the ability to achieve high efficiencies, and because of their high bandgap, they have been implemented as top cells in different tandem configurations using standard bottom cells .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐performance low bandgap thin film solar cells for tandem applications

Elanzeery

Babbe

Melchiorre

et al. 2018

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Thin film tandem solar cells provide a promising approach to achieve high efficiencies. | INTRODUCTIONCurrently, there is an increasing demand to provide cheap high-efficiency solar cells that can exceed state-of-the-art single-junction solar cell technologies. One approach to achieve this is through using tandem solar cells. Tandem or multijunction solar cells have the potential to achieve efficiencies of more than 30%. set the full illumination intensity for the IVT measurements. A mechanical shutter was used to allow dark and illuminated measurements within the same experiment. Admittance measurements were performed in the dark, after keeping the sample mounted in the dark at room temperature for 1 night, with an LCR meter using the same cryostat setup. All characterizations were performed after adding the ARC layer. For the extraction of the quasi-Fermi-level splitting (qFLS), photoluminescence (PL) spectra were recorded on CdS-covered absorbers in a home-built calibrated setup at room temperature under continuous monochromatic illumination with 660-nm wavelength. 27,28The spectral and absolute corrected PL spectra are converted into energy space. In a semilogarithmic plot, the high-energy wing of the PL peak is fitted linearly and is evaluated by means of the simplified Planck's generalized law, 29 providing the qFLS as well as the temperature. Figure 1A. Figure 1 A also presents the electrical behavior under light for CIS_0.95 measured in-house. Table 1 as a function of absorber bandgap are shown in Figure 2. All IV measurements were performed after adding an ARC layer.In Figure 1A, it is observed that V OC increases and J summarized in Table 1, it can be concluded that the cells lose more in recombination than in incomplete absorption (η el < η op ). Moreover, the

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“…For the four-terminal perovskite/ Si devices assembled by a perovskite top cell and Si bottom cell, many efforts were dedicated to search for an appropriate transparent electrode to replace the opaque metal rear contact normally used in PSCs. In most reports [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], the sputtered transparent-conductive-oxide (especially ITO) rear electrode has been commonly used, and the record overall efficiency of 26.4% has been achieved in the four-terminal devices with the perovskite top cell using the ITO/Au-finger electrode [18]. However, the sputtered ITO without postannealing (>200°C) treatment usually shows the suboptimal conductivity, and the high kinetic energy of sputtered particles tends to damage the underlying spiro-OMeTAD or fullerene layers [19]; thus, it is essential to increase the thickness (or add the finger electrodes) to compensate the resistive loss and deposit the buffer layer to protect the organic charge transport layers [18,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This configuration does not require current (or voltage) matching of the two solar cells and, hence, enables independent optimization of the solar cell fabrication. For final assembly, both solar cells are simply mechanically stacked [17]. Since the four-terminal architecture requires at least three transparent electrodes, minimizing the parasitic absorption and manufacturing cost for these electrodes is therefore crucial for the viability of this tandem configuration [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneously, the Si solar cells have dominated the photovoltaic markets for a long time, and the PCE record of the single-junction Si solar cell has reached 26.6% [8], but the relatively high manufactur-ing cost limits their wider applications. In recent years, the perovskite/Si tandem solar cells [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] have attracted increasing interest as they possess great commercial possibility in fabricating high-performance solar cells via the cost-effective pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Transparent Silver Electrode and Four-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Device Exploration

Chen

Pang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Four-terminal tandem solar cells employing a perovskite top cell and crystalline silicon (Si) bottom cell offer a simpler pathway to surpass the efficiency limit of market-leading single-junction silicon solar cells. To obtain cost-effective top cells, it is crucial to develop transparent conductive electrodes with low parasitic absorption and manufacturing cost. The commonly used indium tin oxide (ITO) shows some drawbacks, like the increasing prices and high-energy magnetron sputtering process. Transparent metal electrodes are promising candidates owing to the simple evaporation process, facile process conditions, and high conductivity, and the cheaper silver (Ag) electrode with lower parasitic absorption than gold may be the better choice. In this work, efficient semitransparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were firstly developed by adopting the composite cathode of an ultrathin Ag electrode at its percolation threshold thickness (11 nm), a molybdenum oxide optical coupling layer, and a bathocuproine interfacial layer. The resulting power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 13.38% when the PSC is illuminated from the ITO side and the PCE is 8.34% from the Ag side, and no obvious current hysteresis can be observed. Furthermore, by stacking an industrial Si bottom cell (PCE = 14.2%) to build a four-terminal architecture, the overall PCEs of 17.03% (ITO side) and 11.60% (Ag side) can be obtained, which are 27% and 39% higher, respectively, than those of the perovskite top cell. Also, the PCE of the tandem cell has exceeded that of the reference Si solar cell by about 20%. This work provides an outlook to fabricate high-performance solar cells via the cost-effective pathway.

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Four‐Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Multijunction Solar Modules

Cited by 83 publications

References 38 publications

Toward scalable perovskite‐based multijunction solar modules

Toward scalable perovskite‐based multijunction solar modules

High‐performance low bandgap thin film solar cells for tandem applications

Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Transparent Silver Electrode and Four-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Device Exploration

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