“…Glass polarization, or thermal poling or, simply, poling, that is, a treatment of glasses in DC electric field at elevated temperatures followed by their cooling (down to room temperature) under applied voltage leads to the modification of glass composition and structure as well as the formation of spatial “frozen” charge and electric field in the anodic subsurface region of poled glasses. Today, poling of oxide multicomponent glasses with profiled anodic electrodes in combination with other techniques, like etching and ion exchange, is considered a method to form different surface structures, namely, diffraction gratings and relief holograms, − microoptic elements, channels for microfluidics, etc.…”