Four Nondestructive Electrochemical Tests for Detecting Sensitization in Type 304 and 304L Stainless Steels

Majidi, Azar P.; Streicher, Michael A.

doi:10.13182/nt86-a33848

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The disadvantage of the SL-EPR test is its sensitivity to the surface condition of the specimen. This was resolved in the DL-EPR test (Akashi, Kawamoto, & Umemura, 1980;Majidi & Streicher, 1984) and another simplified EPR method based on a combination of features from the SL-EPR and DL-EPR methods (Majidi & Streicher, 1986).…”

Section: Dl-epr Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another simplified EPR has been suggested by Majidi and Streicher (1986). The need for 1 μm surface finish for the reactivation procedure can be eliminated by replacing the first anodic scan of the double loop EPR test by keeping at a potential of -230 mV (SCE) for 2 min (this is the potential at which the current is maximum during the first anodic scan in the double-loop test) using only the 100-grit surface finish.…”

Section: Simplified Epr Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reichert and Stoner (1990) have developed a modified DL-EPR technique to be used for cast stainless steel. Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the simplified EPR test for AISI type 304 SS and 304L SS (Majidi & Streicher, 1986). Copyright © 1986.…”

Section: Simplified Epr Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrochemical techniques for estimating the degree of sensitization in austenitic stainless steels

Parvathavarthini

Mudali

2014

Corrosion Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The thermal exposure of austenitic stainless steels in the temperature range of 500°C-800°C results in the precipitation of chromium-rich M 23 C 6 carbides along the grain boundaries and concomitant chromium depletion. When chromium level falls below 12% at such depleted zones, the material is said to be sensitized. When the sensitized material is exposed to corrosive media, intergranular corrosion (IGC) and intergranular stress corrosion cracking take place. ASTM standard A262-13 is available for detecting the susceptibility to IGC. However, the extent of chromium depletion of shop-fabricated or field-constructed components is required to determine the presence or absence of sensitization for critical applications. In this review, various electrochemical techniques that can be employed to assess the degree of sensitization (DOS) in austenitic stainless steels are critically reviewed. Techniques such as electrochemical potentiokinetic and potentiostatic reactivation with recent modifications for the accurate estimation of the DOS are analyzed. The possibility of using AC impedance technique and electrochemical noise technique for assessing the DOS is also presented. The merits and demerits of each technique and areas where further research should be focused are presented in this review.

show abstract

Section: Dl-epr Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simplified Epr Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrochemical techniques for estimating the degree of sensitization in austenitic stainless steels

Parvathavarthini

Mudali

2014

Corrosion Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…140, No. 12, December 1993 9 The Electrochemical Society, Inc. [8] where T* is given by T/2000 for 304 type stainless steel. For a temperature of 600~ 7or is equal to 2.86.…”

Section: Fig 5 Sl-epr Polarization Curves For 3045s (Heat A): (A) Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributions of Cr Depletion Levels in Sensitized AISI 304 Stainless Steel and Its Implications Concerning Intergranular Corrosion Phenomena

Gaudett

Scully

1993

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An electrochemical method has been employed to obtain the population distribution of minimum grain boundary Cr concentrations for sensitized AISI 304 stainless steel ($30400). The detailed information about the extent of Cr depletion provided by the distribution is compared to the average degree of sensitization (DOS) evaluated by the standard and a modified single loop-electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (SL-EPR) technique. The distribution of Cr levels on a grain by grain basis is shown to provide information about intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) susceptibility that cannot be provided by EPR methods. Sensitized 304SS tested in an environment relevant to nuclear reactors has been shown to fail by IGSCC when the grain boundary Cr concentration is depleted to below a critical level of =13.5%. In a separate study, it has been shown that more than 23 % of the grain boundaries must be depleted to the relevant critical level in order to observe macroscopically brittle behavior. The present study combines these two criteria and defines a sensitized material's IGSCC susceptibility by revealing the extent of Cr depletion as well as the quantity of depleted grain boundaries.

show abstract

“…To characterise the grain boundary susceptibility against corrosion attack, various tests have been used. These tests are specific to Cr-depletion at grain boundaries for steels containing carbon, like electrolytic oxalic acid test [9], electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test [9 ± 13], Strauû test [1,2,11], copper-copper sulfat test and slow strain rate test (SSRT) under hot water conditions [1,4,12,14,15], as well as to segregation of impurities (S, P) to grain boundaries, like nitric acid test (Huey) [1,2,4,5,11,13], nitric acid-chromate test (Coriou) [12] and SSRT. Generally, the main point of research has been devoted to measure the intensity of intergranular corrosion (IGC) attack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of intergranular corrosion attack on stainless steels by means of atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy. Part 1: Influence of heat treatment

Barkleit

Schlueter

Schneider

et al. 2000

Materials and Corrosion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Four Nondestructive Electrochemical Tests for Detecting Sensitization in Type 304 and 304L Stainless Steels

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Electrochemical techniques for estimating the degree of sensitization in austenitic stainless steels

Electrochemical techniques for estimating the degree of sensitization in austenitic stainless steels

Distributions of Cr Depletion Levels in Sensitized AISI 304 Stainless Steel and Its Implications Concerning Intergranular Corrosion Phenomena

Analysis of intergranular corrosion attack on stainless steels by means of atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy. Part 1: Influence of heat treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About