Four New Species in <I>Habenaria</I> (Orchidaceae) from the Espinhaço Range, Brazil

Abstract

Four new species of Habenaria restricted to the Espinhaço Range in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia are described: H. reflexicalcar, H. hippocrepica, H. quadriferricola, and H. espinhacensis. Specimens were collected as long ago as 1816, but they were misidentified or unidentified in herbarium collections. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences showed that these species form a highly supported clade, denominated Espinhacenses, which is related to other species having linear, grass-like leaves that are concentrated in the cerrado and campos rupestres vegetation of central and southeastern Brazil, although the closest relatives to the Espinhacenses clade were not resolved. There are no apparent morphological synapomorphies for the clade, it being characterized by a combination of characters, including slender plants, linear leaves, spiral inflorescences, few to many small and glabrous flowers, a pedicel that is shorter than the ovary, and separate hemipollinaria.

A new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae, Asparagales) and a checklist of Orchidaceae from limestone outcrops of Brazil

“…For comparison, bootstrap percentages (BP) from the bootstrap analysis are shown in the Bayesian tree. The relationships recovered were similar to those of our earlier molecular phylogenetic studies (Batista et al 2013(Batista et al , 2014(Batista et al , 2016(Batista et al , 2017Pedron et al 2014;Lau et al 2021), with the New World species of Habenaria forming a well-supported monophyletic group (1.00 PP, 82% BP) and recovering several well-supported subclades within the New World clade that are numbered accordingly (subclades 1 to 21) (Fig. 1).…”

“…In general, both floral and vegetative morphology are conserved within the subclades identified in the phylogenetic analyses of the Neotropical species (Batista et al 2013(Batista et al , 2014(Batista et al , 2016(Batista et al , 2017Pedron et al 2014;Lau et al 2021), but there are exceptions. In H. sect.…”

“…The datasets for the phylogenetic analyses were based on those used by Pedron et al (2014) to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the Habenaria sect. Pentadactylae Kraenzl., including some species addressed in later works (Batista et al 2014(Batista et al , 2016(Batista et al , 2017Lau et al 2021), excluding most duplicate terminals. For the outgroup, encompassing old world taxa, we used a selected sample based on the works of Batista et al (2013), Jin et al (2017), and Ngugi et al (2020, comprising representatives of the main clades of Asian and African Habenaria and related genera.…”

“…We used Stenoglottis longifolia Hook.f., from subtribe Orchidinae Dressler & Dodson, to root all trees, based on the results of Ngugi et al (2020). Voucher information, geographic origins, and GenBank accession numbers can be found in Batista et al (2013Batista et al ( , 2014Batista et al ( , 2016Batista et al ( , 2017, Pedron et al (2014), Jin et al (2017, Ngugi et al (2020), andLau et al (2021).…”

Molecular identification of three Habenaria species from Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve, Vietnam

“…Recent reports have used the molecular data to establish the phylogeny as well as assist classification of Habe- naria species. Accordingly, the 4 Habenaria species from Brazil such as H. reflexicalcar, H. hippocrepica, H. quadriferricola and H. espinhacensis have been described as new species based on morphological and molecular data (14). Similarly, 3 plastids (matK, trnK intron and rps16-trnK) were used and one nuclear (ITS) regions to establish the phylogenetic relationships and descriptions 1 variety and 4 new Habenaria species, including Habenaria brachydactyla, H. irwiniana, H. minuta, H. pansarinii and H. pansarinii var.…”