Four-Month Changes in Air Quality during and after the COVID-19 Lockdown in Six Megacities in China

Wang, Yunjie; Wen, Yifan; Wang, Yue; Zhang, Shaojun; Zhang, K. Max; Zheng, Haotian; Xing, Jia; Wu, Ye; Hao, Jiming

doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00605

Cited by 138 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Goldberg [8] showed the existence of drops in NO 2 levels in several US cities using transport and satellite data. Krecl et al in their recent study [9] have reported similar findings for the city of Sao Paulo, and identical patterns were found by Wang [10] in six sites in China. Some studies focused on the spatiotemporal dynamics of the disease including environmental effects, socioeconomic factors, health service resources, and demographic conditions that vary from different counties in the United States [11].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The lockdown decrees in many countries provided a unique opportunity to compare the levels of ozone, and particulate matter in urban areas under a reduced influence of human activities. Some of such studies have based their comparisons on point locations [5,9,41] whilst others have used aerial data to make comparisons in pollutant concentrations [8,10]. Ozone spatial and temporal distribution is closely related to NO 2 concentrations, although its dynamics are more difficult to model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association between the New COVID-19 Cases and Air Pollution with Meteorological Elements in Nine Counties of New York State

Díaz-Ávalos

Paz

Chaudhuri

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The principal objective of this article is to assess the possible association between the number of COVID-19 infected cases and the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), atmospheric pollutants related to people’s mobility in urban areas, taking also into account the effect of meteorological conditions. We fit a generalized linear mixed model which includes spatial and temporal terms in order to detect the effect of the meteorological elements and COVID-19 infected cases on the pollutant concentrations. We consider nine counties of the state of New York which registered the highest number of COVID-19 infected cases. We implemented a Bayesian method using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) with a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE). The results emphasize that all the components used in designing the model contribute to improving the predicted values and can be included in designing similar real-world data (RWD) models. We found only a weak association between PM2.5 and ozone concentrations with COVID-19 infected cases. Records of COVID-19 infected cases and other covariates data from March to May 2020 were collected from electronic health records (EHRs) and standard RWD sources.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the New COVID-19 Cases and Air Pollution with Meteorological Elements in Nine Counties of New York State

Díaz-Ávalos

Paz

Chaudhuri

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reductions in CO 2 emissions have also been reported globally due to heavily curtailed economic activities (Le Quéré et al, 2020;Forster et al, 2020). Many of the reports of improved air quality were preliminary, and further research was required to fully understand and quantify the improvements observed throughout Europe, particularly after accounting for meteorological factors (Grange et al, 2020;Carslaw, 2020;Lee et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Shi et al, 2021;Fenech et al, 2021;Velders et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 lockdowns highlight a risk of increasing ozone pollution in European urban areas

et al. 2021

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Abstract. In March 2020, non-pharmaceutical intervention measures in the form of lockdowns were applied across Europe to urgently reduce the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus which causes the COVID-19 disease. The aggressive curtailing of the European economy had widespread impacts on the atmospheric composition, particularly for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3). To investigate these changes, we analyse data from 246 ambient air pollution monitoring sites in 102 urban areas and 34 countries in Europe between February and July 2020. Counterfactual, business-as-usual air quality time series are created using machine-learning models to account for natural weather variability. Across Europe, we estimate that NO2 concentrations were 34 % and 32 % lower than expected for respective traffic and urban background locations, whereas O3 was 30 % and 21 % higher (in the same respective environments) at the point of maximum restriction on mobility. To put the 2020 changes into context, average NO2 trends since 2010 were calculated, and the changes experienced across European urban areas in 2020 was equivalent to 7.6 years of average NO2 reduction (or concentrations which might be anticipated in 2028). Despite NO2 concentrations decreasing by approximately a third, total oxidant (Ox) changed little, suggesting that the reductions in NO2 were substituted by increases in O3. The lockdown period demonstrated that the expected future reductions in NO2 in European urban areas are likely to lead to widespread increases in urban O3 pollution unless additional mitigation measures are introduced.

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“…At the end of 2019, an epidemic of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (named as “COVID-19”) started to spread ( Huang et al, 2020 ; Tian et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020 ). As is well known, the disease has become a global pandemic with more than 30 million confirmed cases by September 20, 2020, with over 90000 cases reported in China ( https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of air pollutants and their health effects in two developed regions in China during the COVID-19 pandemic

Wang

Lei

Chen

et al. 2021

Journal of Environmental Management

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Air pollution attributed to substantial anthropogenic emissions and significant secondary formation processes have been reported frequently in China, especially in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD). In order to investigate the aerosol evolution processes before, in, and after the lockdown period of 2020, ambient monitoring data of six air pollutants were analyzed from Jan 1 to Apr 11 in both 2020 and 2019. Our results showed that the six ambient pollutants concentrations were much lower during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown due to a great reduction of anthropogenic emissions. BTH suffered from air pollution more seriously in comparison of YRD, suggesting the differences in the industrial structures of these two regions. The significant difference between the normalized ratios of CO and NO 2 during COVID-19 lockdown, along with the increasing PM 2.5 , indicated the oxidation of NO 2 to form nitrate and the dominant contribution of secondary processes on PM 2.5 . In addition, the most health risk factor was PM 2.5 and health-risked based air quality index (HAQI) values during the COVID-19 pandemic in YRD in 2020 were all lower than those in 2019. Our findings suggest that the reduction of anthropogenic emissions is essential to mitigate PM 2.5 pollution, while O 3 control may be more complicated.

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Four-Month Changes in Air Quality during and after the COVID-19 Lockdown in Six Megacities in China

Cited by 138 publications

References 23 publications

Association between the New COVID-19 Cases and Air Pollution with Meteorological Elements in Nine Counties of New York State

Association between the New COVID-19 Cases and Air Pollution with Meteorological Elements in Nine Counties of New York State

COVID-19 lockdowns highlight a risk of increasing ozone pollution in European urban areas

Comparison of air pollutants and their health effects in two developed regions in China during the COVID-19 pandemic

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